Skin and Temperature Control

Question 1

What are the four ways in which the body temperature can vary?

Answer 1

External TEmperature
Activity
Circadian Rythm
Menstrual Cycle

Question 2

How can core temperature be maintained?

Answer 2

By balancing heat loss and heat gain

Question 3

What happens if your body temperature is above 40 and below 30 degrees?

Answer 3

Above 40 C = Proteins start to denature
below 30 C = lose consciousness

Question 4

What is the normal body temperature?

Answer 4

Roughly 37

Question 5

State the location of peripheral thermoreceptors

Answer 5

Located in the skin, especially in the face, scrotum

Question 6

State the location of central thermoreceptors

Answer 6

Located in the spinal cor, abdominal organs, hypothalamus

Question 7

The heat generated within the body is increased by…..

Answer 7

General Metabolism

Voluntary Muscular Activity

Shivering Thermogenicsis

Non-Shivering Thermogenesis

Question 8

Heat loss in the body is reduced by……

Answer 8

Vasomotor control

Behavioral Reponses

Question 9

What is Hypothermia?

Answer 9

This is when your body doesn’t respond to cold adequately. Leading to Hypothermia. Which is a fall in deep body temperature to below 35C

Question 10

Who are at risk of Hypothermia?

Answer 10

Neonates
Elderly
Outdoor pursuits
Cold store Workers

Question 11

What are the consequences of cold stress?

Answer 11

Frostbite

Vascular
- Vasoconstriction
- Increase in viscosity
- Promotes thrombosis
- Causes anoxia

Cellular
- Ice crystals form in extracellular space
- Increases extracellular osmolarity
- causes of water movement from intracellular space
- cell dehydration and death

Winter Mortality

Question 12

What are the consequences of heat stress?

Answer 12

Heat Exhaustion (heat illness)
- body temp rises in France 37.5 - 40C
- Results in vasodilation and drop in central blood volume
- caused by disturbance of the body’s fluid/ salt balance due to excessive sweating
- symptoms include headache, confusion, nausea, profuse sweating, clammy skin, tachycardia, hypotension, weak pulse, failing and collapse

Heat Stroke (heat injury)
- Body temp raised above 40C
- The body’s temperature control mechanisms fail
- Symptoms include dry skin (sweating stops) and circulatory collapse

Question 13

True or False - Convention is an important mechanism of heat loss through blood

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False - cold receptors will transiently increase their firing rate in response to a decrease in temperature

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What do endogenous pyrogens do to the set point?

Answer 15

They increase the set point above body temperature. That’s why you feel cold and shivery in the early stages of a fever