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My Cards > Outer & Middle Ear > Flashcards

Outer & Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

How is Auricular Haematoma treated?

A

Incision and drainage.

A pressure dressing to prevent reaccumulation of a Haematoma

Antibiotic is to prevent infection

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2
Q

What is the complication of Auricular Haematoma?

A

Cauliflower Ear. In which there is necrosis of the cartilage of the auricle, leading to deformity

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3
Q

How is foreign body in the outer ear managed?

A

It needs to be removed. There is varying urgency in these to remove foreign body from the outer ear. A button battery foreign body needs to be removed within hours. Organic foreign body needs to be removed with in days. Inorganic foreign body needs to be removed within a few weeks.

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4
Q

Define Otitis Externa

A

Inflammation of external auditory meatus

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5
Q

How is Otitis Externa managed?

A

The most appropriate management is topical. Give them ear drops that contain antibiotics to address any infection. And equally important, steroids to address any inflammation. If the ear is full of discharged, it is best to use suction under microscope.

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6
Q

How to prevent Otitis Externa?

A

No water or cotton buds

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7
Q

Define “Malignant” Otitis Externa

A

Osteomyelitis of temporal bone

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8
Q

What is the presentation of Malignant Otitis Externa ?

A

Severe pain in elderly diabetic
Granulation in external auditory meatus
You may get cranial nerve palsies

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9
Q

What is the management of Malignant Otitis Externa ?

A

Long term antibiotics for weeks or months

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10
Q

What is Otitis Media with effusion? Aka glue ear

A

Sterile fluid within the middle ear. It is called glue ear because the middle ear secretes mucus and the often the fluid has a gluey consistency

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11
Q

What is the presentation of Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Hearing loss
Speech delay

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12
Q

What is the management for Otitis Media with effusion

A

Observation for 3 months
Otovent - if the condition gets worse
Grommet - if the condition gets worse

Note that the majority of glue ear in children will get better by themselves without any intervention.

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13
Q

What is Acute Superlative Otitis Media?

A

Typically a problem in children. Pus in the middle ear.

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14
Q

What is the presentation of Acute Suppurative Otitis Media?

A

Classically, child will present with increasing pain in the ear followed by discharge when the eardrums bursts.

Otalgia
Otorrhoea

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15
Q

What is the management for Acute Suppurative Otitis Media?

A

Observation. We should hold off antibiotics for a few days as the majority don’t need them.

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16
Q

What is Tympanosclerosis?

A

Calcification in tympanic membrane in the middle ear

17
Q

What is the presentation of Tympanosclerosis?

A

Usually asymptomatic.
White patches in the tympanic membrane.

18
Q

What is the management for Tympanosclerosis?

A

Usually none

19
Q

What is the pathology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media?

A

Perforated tympanic membrane or cholesteatoma

20
Q

What are the complications of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media?

A

It can spread into the inner ear and cause complete hearing loss.
It can affect the facial nerve, which you know that it runs through the middle ear and cause facial palsy
It can spread upwards into the brain and cause meningitis or brain abscess

21
Q

What are the causes of Perforation of tympanic membrane?

A

Infection
Trauma
Grommet

22
Q

What is the presentation of Perforation of tympanic membrane?

A

Recurrent infections
Hearing loss

23
Q

What is the management of perforation of tympanic membrane?

A

Water precautions
Myringoplasty

24
Q

What is the second form of chronic Suppurative otitis media?

A

This is a more serious one called Cholestetoma

25
Q

What is the pathology of Cholesteatoma?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Impaired skin migration

26
Q

What is the presentation of Cholesteatoma?

A

Persistent offensive otorrohoea

27
Q

What is the management of Cholesteatoma?

A

Mastoidectomy

28
Q

What is the pathology of Otosclerosis?

A

Fixation of stapes by extra bone

29
Q

What is the presentation of Otosclerosis?

A

Conductive hearing loss
Normal tympanic membrane

30
Q

What is the management of Otosclerosis?

A

Hearing Aid
Or
Stapedectomy

31
Q

What are the clinical features of facial nerve palsy?

A

Lower motor neurone Facial palsy (forehead involved)

32
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of Facial Nerve Palsy?

A

Intratemporal eg Cholesteatoma
Extratemporal eg parotid tumour
Idiopathic = Bell’s Palsy

33
Q

What is the management of Facial nerve Palsy?

A

Treat the underlying causes if possible
Steroids
Eye care

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