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Dermatology > Skin and Systemic Disease > Flashcards

Skin and Systemic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What classes of systemic diseases can cause changes in the skin?

A 
Endocrine disease
Internal malignancy
Nutritional deficiency
Systemic infection
Systemic inflammatory disease
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2
Q

What changes in the skin can result from hypothyroidism?

A

Dry skin

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3
Q

What changes in the skin can result from grave’s disease?

A

Thyroid dermopathy
Thyroid acropachy
Pretibial myxoedema

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4
Q

What skin changes can result from diabetes?

A 
Necrobiosis lipoidica
Diabetic dermopathy
Sclerodema 
Leg ulcers
Granuloma annular
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5
Q

Describe the appearance of necrobiosis lipoidica.

A

Waxy appearance
Usually yellow discolouration
Can ulcerate and scar
Often seen on the shins

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6
Q

On which area of the body is necrobiosis lipoidica usually seen?

A

Shins

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7
Q

What changes in the skin can result from steroid excess?

A

Acne
Striae
Erythema
Gynaecomastia

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8
Q

What changes in the skin can result from steroid insufficiency?

A

Hyperpigmentation

Acanthosis nigracans

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9
Q

What changes in the skin can be seen in Cushing’s disease?

A

Increase in central adiposity
Moon faces
Buffalo hump
Global skin atrophy (epidermal and dermal components)
Striae on abdominal flanks, arms and thighs
Purpura with minor trauma

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10
Q

An excess of testosterone can cause acne and hirsutism. What can cause such an excess?

A

PCOS
Testicular tumours
Testosterone drug therapy

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11
Q

What are the effects of excess testosterone on the skin?

A

Acne

Hirsutism

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12
Q

What are the effects of excess progesterone on the skin?

A

Acne

Dermatitis

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13
Q

Excess progesterone causes acne and dermatitis. What can cause an excess of progesterone?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Contraceptive treatments

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14
Q

What skin changes can result from internal malignancy?

A 
Necrolytic migratory erythema
Erythema gyratum repens
Acanthoses nigricans
Erythema annulare
Sweet's syndrome
Sister Mary Joseph Nodules
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15
Q

What is the other name for necrolytic migratory erythema?

A

Glucagonoma syndrome

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16
Q

What type of malignancy is necrolytic migratory erythema associated with?

A

Islet cell tumour of the pancreas

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17
Q

Other than necrolytic migratory erythema, what are the signs of islet cell tumours of the pancreas?

A

Hyperglycaemia
Diarrhoea
Weight loss
Glossitis

18
Q

How is necrolytic migratory erythema treated?

A

Removal of the tumour

19
Q

Describe the appearance of necrolytic migratory erythema?

A

Erythematous, scaly plaques on aural, intertriginous and periorificial areas

20
Q

Describe the appearance of erythema gyratum repens.

A

Reddened, concentric bands with a whorled woodgrain pattern.

21
Q

Which cancers is erythema gyratum repens associated with?

A

Strong association with lung cancer

Weak association with breast, cervical and GI cancers

22
Q

Describe the appearance of acanthosis nigricans?

A

Smooth, velvet-like hyperkeratotic plaque in intertriginous areas such as the groin, axillae and neck

23
Q

Describe type one acanthoses nigricans?

A

Associated with malignancy (especially adenocarcinoma of the GI tract)
Sudden onset
More expensive

24
Q

Describe type two acanthoses nigricans?

A 
Familial type
Autosomal dominant
Very rare
Appears at birth
No association with malignancy
25
Q

Describe type three acanthoses nigricans?

A

Associated with obesity and insulin resistance

Most common type

26
Q

Which nutritional deficiencies can cause skin changes?

A

Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Zinc

27
Q

What skin changes can be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Angular stomatitis

28
Q

What skin changes can be caused by vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Dermatitis

29
Q

What skin changes can be caused by vitamin B3 deficiency?

A

Pellagra

30
Q

Pellagra is caused by a vitamin B3 deficiency. What is this condition marked by?

A

Diarrhoea
Dementia
Dermatitis

31
Q

What skin changes result from zinc deficiency?

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

32
Q

What is acrodermatitis enteropathica?

A

An autosomal recessive inherited condition which affects the uptake of zinc and causes diarrhoea, hair loss and an inflammatory reaction around the mouth and anus.

33
Q

A zinc deficiency can follow breast feeding. T/F?

A

True

34
Q

When might total parenteral nutrition without zinc supplementation occur in adults?

A

Alcoholism
Malabsorption states
Inflammatory bowel disease
Bowel surgery

35
Q

How is acrodermatitis enteropathica treated?

A

Zinc supplementation

36
Q

What skin changes occur in vitamin C deficiency?

A 
Punctate purpura
Bruising
Corkscrew spiral curly hairs
Patchy hyperpigmentation
Dry skin and hair
Non-healing wounds
Inflamed gums
37
Q

What are the causes of erythema nodosum?

A

Streptococcal infection
Sarcoidosis
Bacterial/viral infection
Drug induced

38
Q

What diseases are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (churn’s disease, ulcerative colitis)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Myeloma

39
Q

What are the possible systemic causes of hair thinning?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency
Iron deficiency
Lupus
Hypothyroidism

40
Q

What effect does androgen excess have on the hair?

A

Male pattern balding

Dermatology (8 decks)

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