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Systems: Dermatology AB > Skin and Systematic Disease > Flashcards

Skin and Systematic Disease Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is Curth’s postulates?

A
  • Chance occurrence or associated event?
  • Concurrent onset
  • Parallel course
  • Uniform site or type of neoplasm
  • Statistical association
  • Genetic linkage
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2
Q

In what skin conditions is there an underlying cancer in most/all cases?

A
  • Carcinoid Syndrome
  • Paraneoplastic pemphigus
  • Erythema Gyratum Repens
  • Acquired hypertrichosis
  • Leser Trelat
  • Bazex Syndrome
  • Ectopic ACTH
  • Pagets Disease
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3
Q

What skin conditions are strongly associated with cancer?

A
  • Acanthosis Nigricans

- Dermatomyositis

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4
Q

What skin conditions may be associated with malignancy?

A
  • Bullous pemphgoid
  • Sweets Syndrome
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Acquired ichthyosis
  • Acquired angioedema
  • Primary systemic amyloid
  • Cryoglobulinaemia
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5
Q

Give examples of genetic tumour syndromes.

A
  • Muir-Torre
  • Peutz-Jeghers
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • MEN syndromes
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum
  • Howel-Evans
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6
Q

How does carcinoid syndrome present?

A
  • Episodic flushing, lasts mins -hours
  • No sweating
  • Facial telangiectasia
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7
Q

What malignancies is carcinoid syndrome associated with?

A
  • GI carcinoid = liver mets

- Bronchial, ovarian = can occur with no liver mets

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8
Q

How does paraneoplastic pemphigus present?

A

Erosive stomatitis, rash

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9
Q

What malignancies is paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with?

A
  • Non-hodgkins lymphoma

- Castlemans’ disease (produced the autoantibody)

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10
Q

How does erythema gyratum repens present?

A

Concentric erythematous lesions

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11
Q

What malignancies is erythema gyratum repens associated with?

A

Variable sites & types of malignancy

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12
Q

How does acquired hypertrichosis lanuginoas present?

A

Acute onset of lanugo hairs at face & body

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13
Q

What malignancies if acquired hypertrichosis associated with?

A
  • Colorectal
  • Lung
  • Breast
  • Usually advanced
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14
Q

How does Leser-trelat present?

A

Eruptive seborrhoeic keratoses

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15
Q

What malignancies is Leser-trelat associated with?

A

GI adenocarcinomas

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16
Q

How does Bazex Syndrome present?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis of extremities

- Resembles psoriasis, non-specific fx on skin biopsy

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17
Q

What malignancies is Bazex syndrome associated with?

A
  • SCC of bronchials, oropharynx and GIT

- Gastric, colon and biliary adenocarcinomas

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18
Q

How does ectopic ACTH syndrome present?

A

Tumour production of ACTH leads to generalised hyperpigmentation

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19
Q

Why does tumour production of ACTH lead to hyperpigmentation?

A

ACTH release (including MSH) leads to the release of melanin from melanocytes

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20
Q

How does Paget’s disease present?

A

Eczematous plaque at nipple / areola

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21
Q

What malignancies is Paget’s disease associated with?

A

Extension of underlying ductal adenocarcinoma

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22
Q

How does extra-mammary paget’s present?

A

Primary intraepithelial adenocarcinoma (>75%)

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23
Q

What malignancies is extra-mammary Paget’s associated with?

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A

Secondary to underlying visceral tumour: bladder, colon

24
Q

When is there a concern in acanthosis nigricans?

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A
  • Older patient, rapid onset
  • Other skin signs
  • Involves lips
  • Weight loss
25
What malignancy is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
Gastric adenocarcinoma
26
How does dermatomysoitis present?
Inflammatory myopathy + rash - Periorbital heliotrope rash - Gottrons papules: red maculo-papular lesions over bony prominences - Shawl sign - Photosensitive poikiloderma - Scalp erythema
27
How can Peutz-Jeghers present?
- Melanosis | - Colon hamartomas
28
What malignancies is Peutz-Jeghers associated with?
Colon cancer
29
How can Muir-Torre present?
- Sebaceous tumours | - Keratoacanthomas,
30
What malignancies is Muir-Torre associated with?
- GI - Breast - Genitourinary
31
How can neurofibromatosis present?
- Café au lait - Ax freckles - Neurofibromas
32
What malignancies is neurofibromatosis associated with?
- Nerve sheath - Phaeochromocytoma - Carcinoid
33
How can MEN syndromes present?
- Angiofibromas - Neuromas - Lichen or macular amyloid (MEN2),
34
What malignancies are MEN syndromes associated with?
- Endocrine | - Ps
35
How can xeroderma pigmentosum present?
Inability to repair sun damage
36
What malignancies is xeroderma pigmentosum associated with?
- Sarcoma - Leukaemia - GI - Lung
37
How can Howel-Evans present?
Palmoplantar keratoderma
38
What malignancies is Howel-Evans associated with?
-Oesophageal
39
Give examples of genetic conditions which can have a skin manifestation?
- Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia - Ehlers danlos (collagen) - Pseudo xanthoma elasticum (elastic) - Blue rubber bleb naevus
40
What risk is there with genetic conditions that affect collagen or elastin?
GI haemorrhage
41
Give examples of inflammatory/autoimmune conditions which can have skin manifestations?
- Malignant atrophic paupulosis (degos disease) - Erythema nodosum - Pyoderma gangrenosum
42
What is there risk of in malignant atrophic papulosis?
GI haemorrhage
43
What is there a risk of in pyoderma gangrenosum?
IBD
44
What skin signs are associated with diabetes?
- Acanthosis nigricans - Acral erythema - Carotenemia - Diabetic bullae - Diabetic dermopathy - Disseminated granuloma annulare - Eruptive xanthomas - Necrobiosis lipoidica - Rubeosis - Scleredema
45
Give examples of skin conditions which are associated with autoimmune disease.
- Cutaneous lupus - Cutaneous vasculitis - Alopecia - Vitiligo
46
What are the different types of cutaneous lupus?
- Acute - Subacute - Chronic (Discoid, Hypertrophic) - Mucosal - Lupus profundus - Drug induced - Neonatal
47
What are the different types of cutaneous vasculitis?
- Small vessel vasculitis | - Leucocytoclastic vasculitis
48
What can be seen on direct immunofluorescence of cutaneous vasculitis?
IgA deposition
49
What can cause cutaneous vasculitis?
- Post infective - Drug induced - Idiopathic
50
Give examples of types of alopecia.
- Alopecia areata - Scarring alopecia - Androgenic alopecia
51
What are the 2 subtypes of hair loss in alopecia?
- Totalis | - Universalis
52
What is alopecia?
T-lymphocyte, cytokine rejection of hair
53
What is vitiligo?
Destruction of melanocytes
54
What is vitiligo associated with?
Other autoimmune conditions
55
What patterns of vitiligo are there?
- Segmental | - Generalised
56
How are systemic skin manifestations treated?
Treatment is symptomatic & that of the underlying disease

Systems: Dermatology AB (11 decks)

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