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Systems: Dermatology AB > Skin and Systematic Disease > Flashcards

Skin and Systematic Disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is Curth’s postulates?

A
  • Chance occurrence or associated event?
  • Concurrent onset
  • Parallel course
  • Uniform site or type of neoplasm
  • Statistical association
  • Genetic linkage
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2
Q

In what skin conditions is there an underlying cancer in most/all cases?

A
  • Carcinoid Syndrome
  • Paraneoplastic pemphigus
  • Erythema Gyratum Repens
  • Acquired hypertrichosis
  • Leser Trelat
  • Bazex Syndrome
  • Ectopic ACTH
  • Pagets Disease
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3
Q

What skin conditions are strongly associated with cancer?

A
  • Acanthosis Nigricans

- Dermatomyositis

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4
Q

What skin conditions may be associated with malignancy?

A
  • Bullous pemphgoid
  • Sweets Syndrome
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Acquired ichthyosis
  • Acquired angioedema
  • Primary systemic amyloid
  • Cryoglobulinaemia
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5
Q

Give examples of genetic tumour syndromes.

A
  • Muir-Torre
  • Peutz-Jeghers
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • MEN syndromes
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum
  • Howel-Evans
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6
Q

How does carcinoid syndrome present?

A
  • Episodic flushing, lasts mins -hours
  • No sweating
  • Facial telangiectasia
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7
Q

What malignancies is carcinoid syndrome associated with?

A
  • GI carcinoid = liver mets

- Bronchial, ovarian = can occur with no liver mets

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8
Q

How does paraneoplastic pemphigus present?

A

Erosive stomatitis, rash

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9
Q

What malignancies is paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with?

A
  • Non-hodgkins lymphoma

- Castlemans’ disease (produced the autoantibody)

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10
Q

How does erythema gyratum repens present?

A

Concentric erythematous lesions

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11
Q

What malignancies is erythema gyratum repens associated with?

A

Variable sites & types of malignancy

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12
Q

How does acquired hypertrichosis lanuginoas present?

A

Acute onset of lanugo hairs at face & body

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13
Q

What malignancies if acquired hypertrichosis associated with?

A
  • Colorectal
  • Lung
  • Breast
  • Usually advanced
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14
Q

How does Leser-trelat present?

A

Eruptive seborrhoeic keratoses

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15
Q

What malignancies is Leser-trelat associated with?

A

GI adenocarcinomas

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16
Q

How does Bazex Syndrome present?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis of extremities

- Resembles psoriasis, non-specific fx on skin biopsy

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17
Q

What malignancies is Bazex syndrome associated with?

A
  • SCC of bronchials, oropharynx and GIT

- Gastric, colon and biliary adenocarcinomas

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18
Q

How does ectopic ACTH syndrome present?

A

Tumour production of ACTH leads to generalised hyperpigmentation

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19
Q

Why does tumour production of ACTH lead to hyperpigmentation?

A

ACTH release (including MSH) leads to the release of melanin from melanocytes

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20
Q

How does Paget’s disease present?

A

Eczematous plaque at nipple / areola

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21
Q

What malignancies is Paget’s disease associated with?

A

Extension of underlying ductal adenocarcinoma

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22
Q

How does extra-mammary paget’s present?

A

Primary intraepithelial adenocarcinoma (>75%)

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23
Q

What malignancies is extra-mammary Paget’s associated with?

A

Secondary to underlying visceral tumour: bladder, colon

24
Q

When is there a concern in acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • Older patient, rapid onset
  • Other skin signs
  • Involves lips
  • Weight loss
25
Q

What malignancy is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

26
Q

How does dermatomysoitis present?

A

Inflammatory myopathy + rash

  • Periorbital heliotrope rash
  • Gottrons papules: red maculo-papular lesions over bony prominences
  • Shawl sign
  • Photosensitive poikiloderma
  • Scalp erythema
27
Q

How can Peutz-Jeghers present?

A
  • Melanosis

- Colon hamartomas

28
Q

What malignancies is Peutz-Jeghers associated with?

A

Colon cancer

29
Q

How can Muir-Torre present?

A
  • Sebaceous tumours

- Keratoacanthomas,

30
Q

What malignancies is Muir-Torre associated with?

A
  • GI
  • Breast
  • Genitourinary
31
Q

How can neurofibromatosis present?

A
  • Café au lait
  • Ax freckles
  • Neurofibromas
32
Q

What malignancies is neurofibromatosis associated with?

A
  • Nerve sheath
  • Phaeochromocytoma
  • Carcinoid
33
Q

How can MEN syndromes present?

A
  • Angiofibromas
  • Neuromas
  • Lichen or macular amyloid (MEN2),
34
Q

What malignancies are MEN syndromes associated with?

A
  • Endocrine

- Ps

35
Q

How can xeroderma pigmentosum present?

A

Inability to repair sun damage

36
Q

What malignancies is xeroderma pigmentosum associated with?

A
  • Sarcoma
  • Leukaemia
  • GI
  • Lung
37
Q

How can Howel-Evans present?

A

Palmoplantar keratoderma

38
Q

What malignancies is Howel-Evans associated with?

A

-Oesophageal

39
Q

Give examples of genetic conditions which can have a skin manifestation?

A
  • Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
  • Ehlers danlos (collagen)
  • Pseudo xanthoma elasticum (elastic)
  • Blue rubber bleb naevus
40
Q

What risk is there with genetic conditions that affect collagen or elastin?

A

GI haemorrhage

41
Q

Give examples of inflammatory/autoimmune conditions which can have skin manifestations?

A
  • Malignant atrophic paupulosis (degos disease)
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
42
Q

What is there risk of in malignant atrophic papulosis?

A

GI haemorrhage

43
Q

What is there a risk of in pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

IBD

44
Q

What skin signs are associated with diabetes?

A
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Acral erythema
  • Carotenemia
  • Diabetic bullae
  • Diabetic dermopathy
  • Disseminated granuloma annulare
  • Eruptive xanthomas
  • Necrobiosis lipoidica
  • Rubeosis
  • Scleredema
45
Q

Give examples of skin conditions which are associated with autoimmune disease.

A
  • Cutaneous lupus
  • Cutaneous vasculitis
  • Alopecia
  • Vitiligo
46
Q

What are the different types of cutaneous lupus?

A
  • Acute
  • Subacute
  • Chronic (Discoid, Hypertrophic)
  • Mucosal
  • Lupus profundus
  • Drug induced
  • Neonatal
47
Q

What are the different types of cutaneous vasculitis?

A
  • Small vessel vasculitis

- Leucocytoclastic vasculitis

48
Q

What can be seen on direct immunofluorescence of cutaneous vasculitis?

A

IgA deposition

49
Q

What can cause cutaneous vasculitis?

A
  • Post infective
  • Drug induced
  • Idiopathic
50
Q

Give examples of types of alopecia.

A
  • Alopecia areata
  • Scarring alopecia
  • Androgenic alopecia
51
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of hair loss in alopecia?

A
  • Totalis

- Universalis

52
Q

What is alopecia?

A

T-lymphocyte, cytokine rejection of hair

53
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Destruction of melanocytes

54
Q

What is vitiligo associated with?

A

Other autoimmune conditions

55
Q

What patterns of vitiligo are there?

A
  • Segmental

- Generalised

56
Q

How are systemic skin manifestations treated?

A

Treatment is symptomatic & that of the underlying disease

Systems: Dermatology AB (11 decks)

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