Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systems: Dermatology AB > Introduction to General Dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to General Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the skin contain?

A

Adnexal structures

  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Glands
  • Sensory structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does skin play an important role in?

A

Important role in protection, homeostasis and transmission of sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the sub cutis layer?

A
  • Fat energy store
  • Insulation
  • Fibrous bands anchors skin to fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 parts of skin?

A
  • Sub cutis
  • Dermis
  • Epidermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Collagen and elastin matrix with mucopolysaccharide gel also fibroblasts, dermal dendritis cells and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 cell types found in the epidermis of the skin?

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Makes melanosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the Langerhans cells do?

A

Process antigens and migrate to lymph nodes to induce an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 layers of skin from superficial to deep?

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Dead cells with a hard protein envelope; the cells contain keratin and are surrounded by lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

Dead cells lie within dispersed keratohyalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

Keratohyalin and a hard protein envelope form; lamellar bodies release lipids; cells die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Keratin fibres and lamellar bodies accumulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

Cells divide by mitosis and some of the newly formed cells become the cells of the more superficial strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give examples of different parts of the nail.

A 
-Hyponychium
Nail plate
-Lateral nail fold
-Nail bed
-Lunula
-Cuticle
-Proximal nail fold
-Nail matrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 stages in the hair cycle?

A
  • Anagen
  • Catagen
  • Telogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What occurs during anagen?

A
  • Growingphase

- 80-90% of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What occurs during catagen?

A
  • 2–3 week phase growth stops/follicle shrinks

- 1–3% of hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What occurs during telogen?

A
  • Resting phase for 1–4 months

- Up to 10% of hairs in a normal scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A
  • Thermoregulation
  • Skin immune system
  • Barrier
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Interpersonal communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is skin involved in thermoregulation?

A
  • Insulation

- Heat transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does skin act as a barrier?

A
  • Protects against Mechanical, Chemical, microorganisms, Ultraviolet light
  • Keeps in water and Electrolytes, Macromolecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What sensation does skin receive?

A
  • Temperature
  • Touch
  • Pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What role does skin play in vitamin D synthesis?
UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol
26
What role does skin play in interpersonal communication?
- Physical appearance - Smell - Self-identity
27
What accounts for 50% of skin disease?
Skin cancer/lesions
28
Why is skin disease important?
Can cause - Disfigurement - Discomfort - Disability - Depression - Death
29
What are the 2 classifications of causes of skin disease?
- External | - Internal
30
Give examples of external causes of skin disease
- Temperature - UV - Chemical (allergen or irritant) - Infection - Trauma - Photosensitivity
31
Give examples of internal cause of skin disease
- Systemic disease - Genetics - Drugs - Infection - Autoimmune
32
What is photosensitivity commonly caused by?
Medications
33
Where does photosensitivity reactions usually occur?
Exposed sites affected
34
What can cause photosensitivity reactions?
Can be sensitive to UVA, UVB, visible light or a combination of these
35
Give examples of cold injuries.
- Frostbite - Chilblains - Skin necrosis - Cold urticaria
36
Give an example of a traumatic cause of skin disease.
Dermatitis artefacta
37
Give an example of an autoimmune cause of skin disease.
Bulbous pemphigoid
38
Morphology
Appearance of skin lesions
39
What size are small lesions usually?
<5mm
40
Macule
Small circumscribed area
41
Patch
Larger circumscribed area
42
Papule
Small raised area
43
Plaque
Larger raised area
44
Vesicle
Small fluid filled
45
Bulla
Large fluid filled
46
Pustule
Small pus filled
47
Abscess
Large pus filled
48
Erosion
Loss of epidermis
49
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis and dermis
50
Distribution
- How the skin lesions are scattered or spread out | - Can be isolated or multiple
51
In terms of distribution, what can help in the diagnosis of skin disease?
The localisation of multiple lesions as skin diseases tend to have characteristic distributions.
52
Give examples of conditions that cutaneous signs can be useful in diagnosing.
- Erythema Nodosum - Sarcoidosis - Vasculitis - Malignancy - Auto-immune conditions
53
What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
- insulin resistance - Obesity - Malignancy
54
Describe the appearance of acanthosis nigricans.
- Flexural distribution - Hyperkeratosis and Hyperpigmentation, papules - ‘Velvety’ appearance
55
What is eruptive xanthoma associated with?
Hyperlipidaemia-
56
How can thyroid disease present on the skin?
Pretibial myxoedema
57
What process takes place behind the eyes in thyroid disease?
Mecinosis
58
How many people with Grave's disease experience thyroid skin disease?
5%
59
How should suspected bacterial infections be investigated?
- Charcoal swab | - Ask for MC&S (microscopy, culture and sensitivities)
60
How should suspected viral infections be investigated?
- Viral swab for PCR - Can swab vesicle/bulla if vesicular eruption - If systemic illness, can take throat swab
61
How should suspected fungal infections be investigated?
- Skin scraping - Nail clipping - Hair sample - Fungal cultures

Systems: Dermatology AB (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions