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Systems: Dermatology AB > Introduction to General Dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to General Dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What does the skin contain?

A

Adnexal structures

  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Glands
  • Sensory structures
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3
Q

What does skin play an important role in?

A

Important role in protection, homeostasis and transmission of sensations

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4
Q

What is the function of the sub cutis layer?

A
  • Fat energy store
  • Insulation
  • Fibrous bands anchors skin to fascia
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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of skin?

A
  • Sub cutis
  • Dermis
  • Epidermis
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6
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Collagen and elastin matrix with mucopolysaccharide gel also fibroblasts, dermal dendritis cells and macrophages

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7
Q

What are the 3 cell types found in the epidermis of the skin?

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells
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8
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Makes melanosomes

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9
Q

What do the Langerhans cells do?

A

Process antigens and migrate to lymph nodes to induce an immune response

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10
Q

What are the 5 layers of skin from superficial to deep?

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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11
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Dead cells with a hard protein envelope; the cells contain keratin and are surrounded by lipids

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12
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

Dead cells lie within dispersed keratohyalin

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13
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

Keratohyalin and a hard protein envelope form; lamellar bodies release lipids; cells die

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14
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Keratin fibres and lamellar bodies accumulate

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15
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

Cells divide by mitosis and some of the newly formed cells become the cells of the more superficial strata

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16
Q

Give examples of different parts of the nail.

A 
-Hyponychium
Nail plate
-Lateral nail fold
-Nail bed
-Lunula
-Cuticle
-Proximal nail fold
-Nail matrix
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17
Q

What are the 3 stages in the hair cycle?

A
  • Anagen
  • Catagen
  • Telogen
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18
Q

What occurs during anagen?

A
  • Growingphase

- 80-90% of hair

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19
Q

What occurs during catagen?

A
  • 2–3 week phase growth stops/follicle shrinks

- 1–3% of hairs

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20
Q

What occurs during telogen?

A
  • Resting phase for 1–4 months

- Up to 10% of hairs in a normal scalp

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21
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A
  • Thermoregulation
  • Skin immune system
  • Barrier
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Interpersonal communication
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22
Q

How is skin involved in thermoregulation?

A
  • Insulation

- Heat transfer

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23
Q

How does skin act as a barrier?

A
  • Protects against Mechanical, Chemical, microorganisms, Ultraviolet light
  • Keeps in water and Electrolytes, Macromolecules
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24
Q

What sensation does skin receive?

A
  • Temperature
  • Touch
  • Pain
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25
Q

What role does skin play in vitamin D synthesis?

A

UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

26
Q

What role does skin play in interpersonal communication?

A
  • Physical appearance
  • Smell
  • Self-identity
27
Q

What accounts for 50% of skin disease?

A

Skin cancer/lesions

28
Q

Why is skin disease important?

A

Can cause

  • Disfigurement
  • Discomfort
  • Disability
  • Depression
  • Death
29
Q

What are the 2 classifications of causes of skin disease?

A
  • External

- Internal

30
Q

Give examples of external causes of skin disease

A
  • Temperature
  • UV
  • Chemical (allergen or irritant)
  • Infection
  • Trauma
  • Photosensitivity
31
Q

Give examples of internal cause of skin disease

A
  • Systemic disease
  • Genetics
  • Drugs
  • Infection
  • Autoimmune
32
Q

What is photosensitivity commonly caused by?

A

Medications

33
Q

Where does photosensitivity reactions usually occur?

A

Exposed sites affected

34
Q

What can cause photosensitivity reactions?

A

Can be sensitive to UVA, UVB, visible light or a combination of these

35
Q

Give examples of cold injuries.

A
  • Frostbite
  • Chilblains
  • Skin necrosis
  • Cold urticaria
36
Q

Give an example of a traumatic cause of skin disease.

A

Dermatitis artefacta

37
Q

Give an example of an autoimmune cause of skin disease.

A

Bulbous pemphigoid

38
Q

Morphology

A

Appearance of skin lesions

39
Q

What size are small lesions usually?

A

<5mm

40
Q

Macule

A

Small circumscribed area

41
Q

Patch

A

Larger circumscribed area

42
Q

Papule

A

Small raised area

43
Q

Plaque

A

Larger raised area

44
Q

Vesicle

A

Small fluid filled

45
Q

Bulla

A

Large fluid filled

46
Q

Pustule

A

Small pus filled

47
Q

Abscess

A

Large pus filled

48
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of epidermis

49
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

50
Q

Distribution

A
  • How the skin lesions are scattered or spread out

- Can be isolated or multiple

51
Q

In terms of distribution, what can help in the diagnosis of skin disease?

A

The localisation of multiple lesions as skin diseases tend to have characteristic distributions.

52
Q

Give examples of conditions that cutaneous signs can be useful in diagnosing.

A
  • Erythema Nodosum
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Vasculitis
  • Malignancy
  • Auto-immune conditions
53
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A
  • insulin resistance
  • Obesity
  • Malignancy
54
Q

Describe the appearance of acanthosis nigricans.

A
  • Flexural distribution
  • Hyperkeratosis and Hyperpigmentation, papules
  • ‘Velvety’ appearance
55
Q

What is eruptive xanthoma associated with?

A

Hyperlipidaemia-

56
Q

How can thyroid disease present on the skin?

A

Pretibial myxoedema

57
Q

What process takes place behind the eyes in thyroid disease?

A

Mecinosis

58
Q

How many people with Grave’s disease experience thyroid skin disease?

A

5%

59
Q

How should suspected bacterial infections be investigated?

A
  • Charcoal swab

- Ask for MC&S (microscopy, culture and sensitivities)

60
Q

How should suspected viral infections be investigated?

A
  • Viral swab for PCR
  • Can swab vesicle/bulla if vesicular eruption
  • If systemic illness, can take throat swab
61
Q

How should suspected fungal infections be investigated?

A
  • Skin scraping
  • Nail clipping
  • Hair sample
  • Fungal cultures

Systems: Dermatology AB (11 decks)

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