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SURGERY > Skin and Subcutaneous > Flashcards

Skin and Subcutaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of skin

A

S. corneum
S. lucidum - only in thick skin
S. granulosum
S. spinosum
S. basale

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2
Q

90% cells of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

melanocytes are found in which skin layer?

A

S. basale

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4
Q

found in the epidermis of the nipple
possible source of Paget’s disease of the nipple

A

Toker cells

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5
Q

Coagulation necrosis

A

acid

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6
Q

Liquefactive necrosis

A

alkaline

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7
Q

Initial management for acidic injury

A

dilution of the offending agent for 30 minutes

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8
Q

Initial management for alkaline injury

A

dilution of the offending agent for 2 hours

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9
Q

most common sites of pressure injury

A

ischial tuberosity (28%)
greater trochanter (19%)
sacrum (17%)
heel (9%)

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10
Q

Stage of Pressure:
non blanching erythema over intact skin

A

Stage 1

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11
Q

Stage of Pressure:
partial thickness injury with blistering or exposed dermis

A

Stage 2

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12
Q

Stage of Pressure:
Full thickness injury extending to but not including, fascia and without undermining any adjacent tissue

A

Stage 3

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13
Q

Stage of Pressure:
Full thickness skin injury with destruction or necrosis of muscle, bone, tendon or joint capsule

A

Stage 4

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14
Q

Solar radiation responsible for acute and chronic skin effects

A

UVB (320-290nm)

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15
Q

Painful skin infection affecting apocrine gland bearing areas of the body

A

Hidradenitis suppurative / acne inversa

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16
Q

infection that present as nodules and spread to form draining tracts caused by actinomyces

A

Actinomycosis

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17
Q

Treatment for actinomycosis

A

Penicillin + surgical debridement

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18
Q

Rapidly enlarging, necrotic lesion with undermined border and surrounding erythema

said to be linked to IBD, RA, hematologic malignancy and IgA gammopathy

A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

19
Q

Etiology of SSSS and TEN
Site of SSSS and TEN

(+) Nikolsky sign

A

Etiology:
SSSS: Exfoliative toxins A and B
TEN: Immune mediated

Site:
SSSS: S. granulosum
TEN: DErmo-epidermal junction

20
Q

separation of epidermis from dermis with lateral skin pressure

A

Nikolsky sign

21
Q

Drugs that causes SJS or TEN

A

teN SALAD
nevirapine
*sulfonamides
*allopurinol
lamotrigine
anti convulsants
NSAID (oxicam)

22
Q

most common skin lesion with malignant potential

A

Solar (Actinic) Keratoses

23
Q

serves as a premalignant lesion for SCC

A

Solar (Actinic) Keratoses

24
Q

Glomus tumors most common affects which part of the body?

A

hands

25
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

26
Q

most common malignant eyelid tumor and usual for upper lip malignancy

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

27
Q

Most common variant for BCC

A

Nodular BCC

28
Q

Most aggressive variant for BCC

A

Morpheaform and infiltrating BCC

29
Q

Specific for squamous epithelium

A

epidermal cytokeratin antibody

30
Q

Classic appearance of SCC

A

hollow ulcer with “heaped up” edges

31
Q

Ominous sign of perineural invasion that indicates an aggressive tumor for SCC

A

Cranial nerve dysfunction (particularly the facial trigeminal distribution)

32
Q

Responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

33
Q

Most common subtype of melanoma ; arises from pre-existing nevus

A

Superficial spreading (70%)

34
Q

Worst prognosis for melanoma

A

nodular melanoma

35
Q

Type of melanoma that occurs in older patients, grows slowly and usually at > 3 cm upon diagnosis

A

Lentigo maligna

36
Q

Type of melanoma located in the subungual region and glabrous skin of palms and soles

A

Acral lentiginous

37
Q

A melanoma that has propensity toward perineural invasion and recurrence ; occurs mostly on head and neck of the elderlies (6th to 7th decade)

A

Desmoplastic

38
Q

Most common site of metastasis for malenoma

A

lung and liver

39
Q

Most common site of metastasis for melanoma

A

lung and liver

40
Q

Most common site of metastasis for non-cutaneous site *melanoma

A

ocular melanoma

41
Q

Mainstay treatment for melanoma cancer

A

Wide surgical excision with 1-2 cm margin depending on the tumor thickness

42
Q

Management for nonmelanoma skin cancer

A

surgical resection with 4-6mm margins

Moh’s surgery - excellent for face, ears and locations where preservation of uninvolved tissues is critical for cosmetics

43
Q

Commonly used drug in melanoma for isolated limb perfusion

A

melphalan

SURGERY (11 decks)

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