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Year 2 Infectious Disease and Public Health > Skin and soft tissue infections > Flashcards

Skin and soft tissue infections Flashcards

1
Q

are superficial SSTIs typically caused by gram positive or gram negative organisms?

A

gram positive

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2
Q

what typically causes impetigo?

A

strep pyogenes

staph aureus

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3
Q

what typically causes erysipelas?

A

strep pyogenes

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4
Q

what typically causes folliculitis and furuncles?

A

staph aureus

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5
Q

what typically causes cellulitis?

A

strep pyogenes

staph aureus

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6
Q

hot tub folliculitis is caused by what organism? what is the gram stain / morphology?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

gram negative rod

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7
Q

why is the history of CABG pertinent in a patient presenting with cellulitis in the leg?

A

scar tissue

high risk of lymphedema with venous skin graft

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8
Q

what medications are used for non-purulent cellulitis?

A
  • first generation cephalosporin

- anti-staphylococcal penicillins

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9
Q

what medications are used for purulent cellulitis? what is critical for treatment?

A
  • IV vancomycin (MRSA)
  • TMP-SMX oral
  • clindamycin (variable)
  • DRAINAGE IS KEY
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10
Q

what medication is used for hot tub folliculitis?

A

no medication needed!

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11
Q

what are the microbial etiologies of necrotizing fasciitis / fasciitis?

A
  1. clostridium perfringens
  2. group A strep (pyogenes)
  3. polymicrobial (gram neg rods + gram pos cocci)
  4. MRSA - new and rare
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12
Q

what are the clinical features of necrotizing cellulitis / fasciitis?

A
  • severe constant pain out of proportion to findings
  • bullous lesions
  • systemic toxicity
  • gas in soft tissues
  • rapid spread
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13
Q

what is the sourcs for clostridium infection? which is most common?

A
  • tissue trauma (surgery) - MOST COMMON

- bacteremic spread (colon)

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14
Q

what is the gram stain for clostridium?

A

gram positive

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15
Q

which organism is responsible for gas gangrene?

A

clostridium

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16
Q

what organisms can cause chancriform / chronic nodular lesions?

A
  • sporothrix
  • mycobacterium marinum - swimming pool granuloma
  • bacillus anthracis
  • francisella tularensis
  • nocardia, leishmania, blastomycosis dermatitis
17
Q

what are the routes for septic arthritis? which is most common?

A
  • hematogenous - most common
  • direct inoculation
  • contiguous spread
18
Q

what are the risk factors for septic arthritis?

A
  • RA
  • steroid use
  • DM
19
Q

what are the microbial etiologies of septic arthritis? which is most common? what if it is a prosthetic joint?

A

staphylococcus aureus - most common
strep (A and B)
gram negative

prosthetic joint - coagulase negative staph

20
Q

clinical features of septic arthritis

A
  • monoarticular 80-90%
  • pain, loss of function, swelling, redness
  • fever 60-80%
  • focal joint tenderness, inflammation, effusion, limited and painful motion
  • WBC over 60,000
21
Q

management of septic arthritis

A
  • systemic antimicrobials

- drainage

22
Q

what are the two possible syndromes associated with gonococcal infections?

A
  • gonococcal arthritis

- tenosynovitis, dermatitis, polyarthralgia without purulent joint infection

23
Q

which antibiotic(s) is/are used for n. gonorrhea?

A

third gen ceph or fluoroquinolone

24
Q

which antibiotic(s) is/are used for s. aureus?

A

nafcillin

first generation ceph or vancomycin

25
Q

which antibiotic(s) is/are used for GAS?

A

PCN or ceph

26
Q

which antibiotic(s) is/are used for gram negatives?

A

ceph, FQ, carbapenems

27
Q

contiguous osteomyelitis is associated with what etioloties?

A
  • post trauma
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • vascular insufficiency
  • pressure ulcers
28
Q

what is the main microbial etiology of osteomyelitis?

A

staph aureus

29
Q

what diagnostic techniques are used to diagnose osteomyelitis? which is most sensitive and specific?

A
  • bone probe
  • MRI (most sensitive and specific)
  • bone biopsy
30
Q

when should pseudomonas aeruginosa be considered in a case of osteomyelitis?

A

puncture wound

31
Q

what is the main microbial etiology of vertebral osteomyelitis / spondylodiskitis?

A

s. aureus

32
Q

what type of abx are used in acute osteomyelitis?

A

anti-staph

33
Q

what is the main treatment for chronic osteomyelitis?

A

surgery

Year 2 Infectious Disease and Public Health (18 decks)

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