Skin and mucous membranes

Question 1

Skin layers

Answer 1

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

Question 2

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 2

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 3

Features of the epidermis

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium
Flat, scale-like cells
Basic tissue type
No blood vessels
4-5 layers

Question 4

Cells of epidermis

Answer 4

Keratinocytes (95% of epidermal cells)
Langerhans cells (antigen- presenting)
Merkel cells (sensory receptors)
Melanocytes (produce melanin)

Question 5

The differences between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?

Answer 5

Desmosomes: between epithelial cells. Tonofibrils
Hemidesmosomes: between basal cells and basement lamina

Question 6

Contents of Dermis

Answer 6

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
A few adipocytes
Nerve endings
Blood vessels
Glands
Smooth muscle (some areas)
Lymphatics
Hair follicles

Question 7

Layers of dermis

Answer 7

Papillary layer: projects into intervals between epidermal ridges. Richly supplied with capillaries and nerve endings.

Reticular layer: dense connective tissue and fiber components

Question 8

Skin-clinical correlations and diseases

Answer 8

Acne
Psoriasis
Pemphigus
Vitiligo
Skin cancer
Malignant melanomas

Question 9

Different types of Skin cancer

Answer 9

Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

Question 10

How skin cancer occurs and where?

Answer 10

How: Keratinocytes in the epidermis grow out of control to form a tumour.
Where: any part of your body (commonly areas exposed to the sun or areas of previous damage)

Question 11

What are the risk factors of Malignant melanomas ?

Answer 11

UV radiation,
Moles (collection of melanocytes)
Fair skin with freckles
Sunburn
Family history