Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
What are the 3 main components of cartilages?
Ground substance
Fibers
Cells
Physical properties of cartilage depends on what?
1-Composition of the ECM
2-The type and arrangement of fibres
What is the most cartilage type?
Hyaline Cartilage
What is Lacunae?
A small chamber in the matrix occupied by one or more chondrocytes
What are the features of Elastic Cartilage?
Flexible, avascular connective tissues that provide support and resistance to compression
What is osteoid?
Un-mineralised organic component of ECM (28%)
What are the 2 different conformation of bone tissues?
Compact (cortical) bone
Spongy (trabecular) bone
Cells of bone tissue
Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
What is Lamellae?
layers of bone tissue
Osteon (Haversian system)
Concentric lamellae
Central canal
Lymphatic vessel
Nerve
Blood vessels
Circumferential lamellae
Interstitial lamellae
Disorders of bone and cartilage
Periodontitis
Arthritis
Osteomalacia
Which component of cartilage is responsible for conferring significant compression strength?
a.Collagen fibres
b.Hyaluronic acid
c.Chondroitin sulphate
d.perichondrium
c.Chondroitin sulphate
Which feature is common to all cartilages?
a.Contains thick bundles of collagen fibres
b.Avascular
c.Contains mostly elastic fibres
d.Encased in perichondrium
b.Avascular
Articular cartilage is a modification of which other type of cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
What name is given to the outer fibrous connective tissue surrounding hyaline cartilage?
perichondrium
What is the name for the small chamber in which chondrocytes are located?
Lacunae
Elastic cartilage is histologically similar to which other type of cartilage?
a.articular
b.fibro
c.hyaline
c.hyaline
Which type of cartilage is dominated by dense bundles of collagen fibres?
a.elastic
b.articular
c.hyaline
d.fibro
d.fibro
What is the name of the organic component of bone matrix?
osteoid
What is the name of the mineralised component of bone matrix that confers hardness?
Hydroxyapatite
Bone is arranged in layers. What general name is give to these layers?
Lamellae
What name is given to the outer connective tissue that surrounds bones?
Periosteum
What is the only type of bone cell that can divide?
a.Osteogenic
b.Osteoblast
c.Osteocyte
d.osteoclast
a.Osteogenic
What is the name of the functional unit of compact bone that is arranged in a series of concentric lamellae?
Osteon
What is the name of the canal in the middle of osteons?
central
What alternative name is used to describe Volkmann’s canals?
Perforating
What name is given to the layers of bone that lie between osteons and represent the remnants of old partially resorbed osteons?
Interstitial lamellae
What name is given to the tiny canals through which osteocytes maintain direct contact with their neighbours?
Canaliculi
What functional feature of compact bone is not evident in spongy/trabecular bone?
osteon
Trabeculae are lined externally by a cellular layer known as what?
endosteum
What term is used to describe the balance between bone formation and bone resorption?
a.osteoclastogenic
b.harmonius
c.osteoblastogenic
d.coupled
d.coupled
Which cell type differentiates from immune cell lineage?
a.osteoclast
b.osteocyte
c.osteoblast
d.osteogenic
a.osteoclast
Which cell type is involved in bone resorption?
a.osteoclast
b.osteogenic
c.osteocyte
d.osteoblast
a.osteoclast
Rickets is a condition that affects the bone structure of children. Which component of bone is most affected?
a.osteoid
b.osteoclasts
c.hydroxyapatite
d.collagen fibres
c.hydroxyapatite
What physiological process drives osteoclastogenesis in conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis?
a.Inflammation
b.Osteoblastogenesis
c.Infection
d.Hormonal disruption
a.Inflammation
