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Histology > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main components of cartilages?

A

Ground substance
Fibers
Cells

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2
Q

Physical properties of cartilage depends on what?

A

1-Composition of the ECM
2-The type and arrangement of fibres

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3
Q

What is the most cartilage type?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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4
Q

What is Lacunae?

A

A small chamber in the matrix occupied by one or more chondrocytes

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5
Q

What are the features of Elastic Cartilage?

A

Flexible, avascular connective tissues that provide support and resistance to compression

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6
Q

What is osteoid?

A

Un-mineralised organic component of ECM (28%)

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7
Q

What are the 2 different conformation of bone tissues?

A

Compact (cortical) bone
Spongy (trabecular) bone

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8
Q

Cells of bone tissue

A

Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

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9
Q

What is Lamellae?

A

layers of bone tissue

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10
Q
A

Osteon (Haversian system)

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11
Q
A

Concentric lamellae

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12
Q
A

Central canal

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13
Q
A

Lymphatic vessel
Nerve
Blood vessels

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14
Q
A

Circumferential lamellae

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15
Q
A

Interstitial lamellae

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16
Q

Disorders of bone and cartilage

A

Periodontitis
Arthritis
Osteomalacia

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17
Q

Which component of cartilage is responsible for conferring significant compression strength?

a.Collagen fibres
b.Hyaluronic acid
c.Chondroitin sulphate
d.perichondrium

A

c.Chondroitin sulphate

18
Q

Which feature is common to all cartilages?

a.Contains thick bundles of collagen fibres
b.Avascular
c.Contains mostly elastic fibres
d.Encased in perichondrium

A

b.Avascular

19
Q

Articular cartilage is a modification of which other type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

20
Q

What name is given to the outer fibrous connective tissue surrounding hyaline cartilage?

A

perichondrium

21
Q

What is the name for the small chamber in which chondrocytes are located?

A

Lacunae

22
Q

Elastic cartilage is histologically similar to which other type of cartilage?

a.articular
b.fibro
c.hyaline

A

c.hyaline

23
Q

Which type of cartilage is dominated by dense bundles of collagen fibres?

a.elastic
b.articular
c.hyaline
d.fibro

A

d.fibro

24
Q

What is the name of the organic component of bone matrix?

A

osteoid

25
Q

What is the name of the mineralised component of bone matrix that confers hardness?

A

Hydroxyapatite

26
Q

Bone is arranged in layers. What general name is give to these layers?

A

Lamellae

27
Q

What name is given to the outer connective tissue that surrounds bones?

A

Periosteum

28
Q

What is the only type of bone cell that can divide?

a.Osteogenic
b.Osteoblast
c.Osteocyte
d.osteoclast

A

a.Osteogenic

29
Q

What is the name of the functional unit of compact bone that is arranged in a series of concentric lamellae?

A

Osteon

30
Q

What is the name of the canal in the middle of osteons?

A

central

31
Q

What alternative name is used to describe Volkmann’s canals?

A

Perforating

32
Q

What name is given to the layers of bone that lie between osteons and represent the remnants of old partially resorbed osteons?

A

Interstitial lamellae

33
Q

What name is given to the tiny canals through which osteocytes maintain direct contact with their neighbours?

A

Canaliculi

34
Q

What functional feature of compact bone is not evident in spongy/trabecular bone?

A

osteon

35
Q

Trabeculae are lined externally by a cellular layer known as what?

A

endosteum

36
Q

What term is used to describe the balance between bone formation and bone resorption?

a.osteoclastogenic
b.harmonius
c.osteoblastogenic
d.coupled

A

d.coupled

37
Q

Which cell type differentiates from immune cell lineage?

a.osteoclast
b.osteocyte
c.osteoblast
d.osteogenic

A

a.osteoclast

38
Q

Which cell type is involved in bone resorption?

a.osteoclast
b.osteogenic
c.osteocyte
d.osteoblast

A

a.osteoclast

39
Q

Rickets is a condition that affects the bone structure of children. Which component of bone is most affected?

a.osteoid
b.osteoclasts
c.hydroxyapatite
d.collagen fibres

A

c.hydroxyapatite

40
Q

What physiological process drives osteoclastogenesis in conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis?

a.Inflammation
b.Osteoblastogenesis
c.Infection
d.Hormonal disruption

A

a.Inflammation

Histology (8 decks)

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