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Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

3 muscle types

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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2
Q

3 ways muscle tissue is classified as

A

Control( voluntary, involuntary)
Structure (Striated, Non-striated)
Muscle type ( Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth)

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is regulated by which branch of the nervous system?

A

Somatic ( voluntary)

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4
Q

Cardiac and smooth muscle is regulated by which branch of the nervous system?

A

Autonomic (involuntary)

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5
Q

2 types of muscle structure

A

Striated & Non-striated

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6
Q

The function of skeletal muscle

A

Specialised for contractions that produce movement
Voluntary movement of skeleton
Subconscious movement ( Balance/posture)

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7
Q

Describe the histological appearance of skeletal muscle cell (fibres)

A

Elongated/cylindrical cells, multinucleated cells, main tissue type in skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue components

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Blood vessels
Connective tissues

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9
Q

What tissue wraps around the entire muscle?

A

Epimysium - (dense irregular)

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10
Q

What makes up muscle fibres?

A

Myofibrils

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11
Q

What repeating units compose myofibrils?

A

Myofilaments

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12
Q

What is a fasciculi?

A

Bundles of muscle fibres grouped together

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13
Q

Name the 2 types of myofilaments?

A

Myosin (Dark thick bands)
Actin (Light thin bands)

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14
Q

What is the name of the contractile unit spanning from z-z lines?

A

Sarcomeres

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15
Q

What mechanism name allows sarcomere contraction?

A

Sliding filament mechanism

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16
Q

Individual muscles fibres separated by?

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

What we call loose connective tissue that surrounds each fascicule?

A

perimysium

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18
Q

What name is given to a single motor neurone combined with all associated muscle fibres?

A

motor unit

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19
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane of skeletal muscle.

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20
Q

Describe the features of the sarcolemma?

A

Invaginates (Pores) into sarcoplasm to form membranous T tubules (Continuous with extracellular space)

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21
Q

What mesh like structure stems from T tubules?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

What is concentrated within the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Calcium Ions

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synchronous contraction of sarcomeres

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24
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

To pump blood through the cardiovascular system, specialised for autonomous contraction

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25
Q

Describe the appearance of cardiac muscle cells

A

Elongated, branched cylindrical cells, 1 or 2 nuclei (centrally located), striated

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26
Q

Name the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Pericardium (outer)
Myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue)
Endocardium (Single layer of endothelial cells)

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27
Q

What are individual cardiac muscles cells known as?

A

cardiomyocytes

28
Q

What type of loose connective tissue is present in cardiac muscle?

A

Reticular CT - to support rich capillary network

29
Q

What are intercellular junctions known as in cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Intercalated disc (Anchor cardiac cells together)

30
Q

What 2 junction types are found within intercalated discs?

A

Desmosomes & Gap junctions

31
Q

Similarities of cardiac muscle with skeletal muscle?

A

Identical arrangement of sarcomeres
Contain T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum
Numerous mitochondria
Glycogen(G) and Lipid (L) granules
Contraction by sliding-filament mechanism

32
Q

Differences of cardiac muscle with skeletal muscle?

A

Autonomous (involuntary) contraction
SR – slowly leaks Ca2+
Conducting system
Intercalated discs

33
Q

What do intercalated discs help to facilitate during contraction?

A

Allow muscle function as syncytium (Cells working as a single unit)

34
Q

What allows spontaneous depolarisation in pacemaker cells?

A

Slow Ca2+ leak

35
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Lining hollow organs

36
Q

What is smooth muscle specialised for?

A

Continuous contraction e.g. Peristalsis

37
Q

Rate of inherent rhythm modulated by

A

Autonomic nervous stimulation
Hormonal stimulation

38
Q

Describe the structure of smooth muscle tissue?

A

Elongated, spindle shaped with tapered ends

Single centrally located nuclei

No sarcomeres

39
Q

Explain how peristalsis physically works?

A

Inner circular later constricts lumen diameter

Outer longitudinal layer shorted length

40
Q

How are actin and myosin arranged in smooth muscle?

A

Criss-cross lattice

41
Q

What anchors adjacent cells together?

A

Dense bodies

42
Q

What is the third filament type present in smooth muscle?

43
Q

What role does Desmin play in contraction?

A

Helps to anchor actin to allow myosin to slide over

44
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is controlled by which branch of the nervous system?

Autonomic
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Somatic

45
Q

Which of the following best describes skeletal muscle cells?

Short,branched fibres with a single nucleus
Elongated, cylindrical fibres with a single nuclei
Smooth tapered fibres with a single nucleus

A

Elongated, cylindrical fibres with a single nuclei

46
Q

At rest, non-striated muscle is under control of which branch of the nervous system?

Somatic
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

47
Q

What name is given to the loose connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle fibre?

Epimysium
Perimysium
Sarcolemma
Endomysium

A

Endomysium

48
Q

What term describes the contractile unit of skeletal muscle?

sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Sarcomere
T tubules

49
Q

What connective tissue structure connects skeletal muscle to bone?

50
Q

What feature is shared with both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

Striations
Number of nuclei
Branched structure
Somatic innervation

A

Striations

51
Q

What feature is shared between cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

Branched structure
Number of nuclei
Sarcomerse
Autonomic innervation

A

Autonomic innervation

52
Q

In a resting skeletal muscle cell, which specialised structure sequesters calcium?

Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasm
Sarcomere

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

53
Q

T-tubules extend inwards from which specialised skeletal muscle organelle?

A

Sarcolemma

54
Q

In which layer of the heart are cardiomycytes located?

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

A

Myocardium

55
Q

Which of the following best describes cardiomyocytes?

branched
cynildcrial
Tapered

56
Q

Which feature of cardiomyocytes facilitates synchronous contractions

Intercalated discs
Desmosomes
Branchnig

A

Intercalated discs

57
Q

which type of muscle tissue functions to propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract?

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

58
Q

What type of myofilament is found only in smooth muscle?

Actin
Myosin
Desmin
Vminient

59
Q

Muscle tissue is specialised to produce what?

A

contractions

60
Q

What is the name given to the connective tissue layer that surrounds bundles of muscle fibres, known as fascicles?

perimysium
epimysium
endomysium

A

perimysium

61
Q

What is the name given to the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual skeletal muscle fibres?

Perimysium
epimysium
endomysium

A

endomysium

62
Q

What name is given to the structure formed by the coming together of the 3 connective tissue layers in skeletal muscle, at the tapering ends?

63
Q

The neuronal action potential is converted to which chemical signal, released at the neuromuscular junction?

serotonin
glutamate
adrenaline
acetylcholine

A

acetylcholine

64
Q

What structural feature of skeletal muscle fibres propagates action potentials into the interior of the cell?

Myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules
Sarcomeres

65
Q

What structural feature of skeletal muscle fibres propagates action potentials into the interior of the cell?

Myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules
Sarcomeres

Histology (8 decks)

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