Skin and Fascia

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Epithelial tissue, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, has stem cells under continuous regeneration

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

More deep than epidermis, connective tissue, tough, nicely arranged connective tissue and loose connective tissue

Question 3

Hypodermis

Answer 3

Vascular, deepest layer, hair follicles, sweat glands, adipose and areolar connective tissue.

Question 4

Fascia

Answer 4

band, thick tough structure, Fascia is a fibrous connective tissue that is present throughout the entire body.
4 types - superficial, deep, visceral, and parietal

Question 5

Superficial Fascia

Answer 5

Mostly associated with the skin (hypodermis), subcutaneous fat

Question 6

Deep Fascia

Answer 6

Deep Fascia, which is mostly associated with the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels

Question 7

Visceral Fascia

Answer 7

Associated with internal organs

Question 8

Parietal Fascia

Answer 8

Covers cavities and body walls

Question 9

intermuscular septum

Answer 9

is a band of fascia which separates the lateral from the anterior compartment of leg, deepest

Question 10

Dermatomes

Answer 10

A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. Originates when we are embryos ex: starts in the center and then moves out as our extremities sprout. Also embroys rotate, so we will see that with dermatomes

Question 11

Cutaneous Innervation

Answer 11

differs from dermatome. Area of skin served by a specific cutaneous nerve. ex: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh innervates lateral thigh. Sometimes dermatomes are less specific where spinal innervates the source of more than one cutaneous nerve. . Other times dermatomes are more specific. ex: cutaneous nerves are derived from multiple spinal nerves.

Question 12

Visceral pain

Answer 12

Why we care about dermatomes. Visceral pain is localized to the dermatome of embryological origin.
Ex: Heart localized to the neck, shoulder, and arm.
Ex: Stomach localized to the above the umbilicus
Ex: Colon localized to below the umbilicus

Question 13

How visceral pain works

Answer 13

Nerve fibers of higher regions sensory input such as the skin and nerve fibers of lower sensory input such as the stomach come together at the same level of the spinal cord. When there is an important stimulus of the lower sensory input the brain can interpreted this as coming from the higher regions. Because the brain is not used to this important input of the lower regions. So the pain well be located in the related dermatome of the same spinal segment.

Pain from an internal organ that is perceived to originate from a distant area of the skin. Due to intermingling of second order neurons (synapses) from the skin and viscera

Question 14

Visceral Pain and Stomach

Answer 14

When stomach hurts, feel pain in the T6-t9 because that innervates the stomach. We are really feeling pain in skin - related to a region that is also innervating the stomach

Question 15

Visceral Pain - Localized vs. Widespread

Answer 15

Highly localized damage to an organ may result in little pain, widespread damage can lead to severe pain