Introduction to Vascular System

Question 1

3 main types of vessels that carry blood around the body

Answer 1

1. ) Arteries and Arterioles
2. ) Veins
3. ) Capillaries

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Carry blood away from the heart
Carry oxygen rich blood in the systemic circuit
Carry oxygen poor blood in pulmonary circuit

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

Carry blood back to the heart
Carry oxygen poor blood in systemic circuit
Carry oxygen rich blood in pulmonary circuit

Question 4

Capillaries

Answer 4

Exchange materials between blood and cells. Location of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues

Question 5

All vessels will be lined with

Answer 5

A thin layer of endothelium - which is a type of epithelium which is supported by a basement membrane. Called tunica intima.

Question 6

Tunica Intima

Answer 6

Or endothelium. Innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein
Only layer that is present in capillaries

Question 7

Tunica Media (Surrounds endothelium)

Answer 7

Circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers.

Question 8

Tunica Externa (surrounds endothelium)

Answer 8

Outermost layer, Fibrous connective tissue.

Question 9

Thickness of Tunica Media/Externa

Answer 9

Vary in vessels depending on location or amount of blood pressure they encounter. A large artery close to heart will have thick tunica media/externa bc they have to resist high pressures coming from the pump or heart.

Question 10

Heart can be thought of as 2 separate pumps

Answer 10

One originating from the right ventricle and the second originating from the left ventricle.

From the right ventricle blood will be pumped at low pressure to lungs and after it undergoes gas exchange it will be pumped back to left atria. From left atria, it will go to left ventricle

Question 11

From right Atria

Answer 11

blood will be pumped at low pressure to lungs and after it undergoes gas exchange, oxygen rich blood it will be pumped back to left atria through pulmonary vein. So from right atrium to right ventricle deoxygentated blood enters pulmonary circulation.

Question 12

rom left atria

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood will go to left ventricle (second pump). Blood is pumped at a high pressure . It goes up through ascending aorta to the rest of the body. eventually we will return to cardiac circulation at right atria

Question 13

Pulmonary circulation requires

Answer 13

thin tunica intima (endothelium) for gas exchange. Dont want to thicken up for gas exchange.

Question 14

Branches off the aorta

Answer 14

Branches off the aorta will ascend up to the head and neck region. Critical for day to day function and development. Head and neck need first dibs on oxygenated blood.

Question 15

Further pathways of oxygenated blood

Answer 15

Goes to portal circulation (gastrointestinal) and lower regions of body.

Question 16

Portal Circulation

Answer 16

GI tract. Unique because two capillary bedss linked by a vein prior to returning to the heart. The first capillary bed will be associated with the GI wall and the second capillary bed will be the system within the liver.

Question 17

Arterial Map

Answer 17

Arteries have divergent blood flow - upon departing the ventricles a single artery splits into numerous arteries with smaller diameters. Arterioles will eventually split into capillaries. Capillaries will be most numerous blood vessel (smallest diameter) that contains only tunica intima

Question 18

Venous Map

Answer 18

Veins have convergent blood flow. Blood flows from many capillaries and congregates on a single venule. Our venules evetually become veins with larger and larger diameters so merging to one single vessel that allows for blood to go back to right atria. (thru inferior and superior vena cava)

Question 19

Distribution of Blood

Answer 19

Distribution of systemic blood varies according to the metabolic needs of the individual organs and is governed by homeostatic reflexes. ex: after a meal we are going to push more blood into GI tract to allow for absorprtion of nutrients to blood.

• Skeletal muscles at rest receive 21% of cardiac output
• Exercising skeletal muscle receives 85% of cardiac output
• vasoconstriction and vasodilation of arterioles (how we diverge more or less blood)

Question 20

The lymphatic system

Answer 20

Large network of tissues and organs that help alleviate the body of all of its toxins and waste. Primary function is to transport lymph. This system mimics venous system.
Ex: Looking at the inguinal region - the inguinal lymph nodes will occur along femoral vein, great saphenous vein, etc.

lymph vessels run with veins but hard to see bc of thin walls. so blend with venous system.
able to see in abdomen by vertebral bodies and heart.

Question 21

Lymph

Answer 21

fluid that Contains infection fighting wbcs.. So in a case with a large inflammatory response we will have more wbcs present in lymph.

in lymphoma - cancer cells can enter this stream of drainage. how metastatic cells transfer from one region to the next.

Question 22

Spleen

Answer 22

major exporter of wbc in lymphatic system. If have cancer, will be quite large

Question 23

bone marrow

Answer 23

major factory for development of wbc’s

Question 24

tonsils

Answer 24

major dev. of wbc’s

Question 25

thymus

Answer 25

functions in dev of wbcs during infancy and atrophies away in adulthood. Major pre processing center of T cells

Question 26

Thoracic duct

Answer 26

By vertebrae. major lymphatic highway of the entire body. Lower extremities, abdomen, pelvis, and left upper body will deposit all their lymphatic frainage to thoracic duct

Question 27

Lymphatic duct

Answer 27

right upper body will deposit lymphatic drainage to lymphatic duct (on right side). opens directly to subclavian or brachiocephalic vein on right side.

Question 28

cisterna chyli

Answer 28

that it receives and temporarily stores lymph, the clear body tissue fluid, as it traverses upwards the body. … The upper part of the Cisterna Chyli stretches to the thoracic duct and drains in the left subclavian vein.