Skin

Question 1

Functions of skin

Answer 1

• protection from external damage
• metabolic
• thermoregulation
• sensation
• barrier

Question 2

How is skin used in metabolism

Answer 2

Synthesises vitamin D3

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the skin

Answer 3

Epidermis
Dermis
-HYpodermis

Question 4

What does the epidermis contain

Answer 4

Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinocytes)

Question 5

What does the dermis contain

Answer 5

Dense irregular connective tissue

Fibroblasts, collagen 1, elastin, blood, nerves and receptors

Question 6

What is the dermis divided into

Answer 6

Papillary and reticular dermis

Question 7

What does the hypodermis contain

Answer 7

Adipose tissue and main blood supply

Question 8

Layers of epidermis going from bottom to top

Answer 8

Keratinocyte layers:

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum incidum
Stratum corneum

Question 9

What are the barriers found in skin

Answer 9

Tight junctions
Demsosomes and hemidesmosomes
Keratin
PHospholipid

Question 10

What concerns can occur in skin

Answer 10

• Basal cell carcinomas

- Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 11

Who can skin carcinomas affect

Answer 11

People of all skin colours

Question 12

What are melanocytes

Answer 12

Pigment synthesizing cells which decide skin and hair colur

Question 13

What do melanosomes in cytoplasm do

Answer 13

They contain melanin and are passed to keratinocytesand scatter UV light

Question 14

What are langerhans cells

Answer 14

Dendritic antigen presenting cells

Question 15

Where are langerhans found

Answer 15

Spinal chord

Question 16

What do langerhans cells do

Answer 16

Migrate to lymph nodes and communicate with immune system

Question 17

What is the function of Merkel cells

Answer 17

Neuroendocrine function

Question 18

Where are Merkel cells found

Answer 18

IN stratum basale in areas of ‘touch’

Question 19

What causes lentigo maligna

Answer 19

Increased number of melanocytes

Question 20

What causes albinism

Answer 20

Missing enzyme tyrosinase used to make melanin

Question 21

How to tell if a mole is cancerous

Answer 21

• Irregular border
• Range of colours
• Diameter

Question 22

How do junctions help skin stay on

Answer 22

Hemidesmosomes (adhere dermis to epidermis)

Question 23

How does interdigidation help skin stay on

Answer 23

Interdigitation between epidermis and dermis increases surface area

Question 24

How does the basement membrane help skin stay on

Answer 24

Sits between epidermis and dermis

Question 25

How do cancers spread

Answer 25

Once carcinomas break through the basement membrane, it then goes to connective tissue where it can pass to blood vessels and spread

Question 26

What is the dermis mainly made of

Answer 26

Collagen

Question 27

What does the dermis contain

Answer 27

Hair and gland structures

Question 28

What doe the dermis have a rich supply in

Answer 28

richly vascularized

Question 29

What does thin skin contain a lot of

Answer 29

Eccrine glands

Question 30

Where is thin skin found

Answer 30

Most locations

Question 31

Where is thick skin found

Answer 31

Fingertips and soles of feet

Question 32

What makes thick skin thick

Answer 32

Thick epidermis

Question 33

Whats hairy skin like

Answer 33

Thin epidermis

Question 34

What does a vascular supply to skin do

Answer 34

Maintain skin nutrition while altering flow to facilitate heat

Question 35

What are the two sweat glands that skin has

Answer 35

Eccrine

Apocrine

Question 36

What do eccrine glands do

Answer 36

Produce sweat

Question 37

What do apocrine glands do

Answer 37

Scent production (functional at puberty)

Question 38

What do sebaceous glands do

Answer 38

Produce sebum

Question 39

Where are sebaceous glands located

Answer 39

• Dermis

- Subcutis

Question 40

What causes epidermolysis bullosa

Answer 40

Defective hemidesmosomes