Inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs Flashcards
How many cytokines are involved in longer term inflammation
3
When is the late phase response
4-21 days
What are attracted to the site of infection/tissue damage
neutrophils and macrophages
What do activated neutrophils and macrophages do
Release cytokines which contribute to:
- degradation of damaged tissue
- preparation of site of injury for haling
What are the mediators of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of macrophages
oxygen dependent killing (these are oxygen radicals which kill bacteria)
oxygen independent killing (which degrade damaged tissue)
What are the names of the oxygen independent killings
Defensins
TNF(macrophage only)
lysozyme
hydrolytic enzyme
What are acute phase proteins
proteins released from the liver associated with any major inflammatory response
What are active monocytes called
macrophages
What do macrophages and platelets produce in the graduation or proliferation phase (D4-21)
growth factors
What do growth factors produced by platelets and macrophages have an effect on
- angiogenesis
- fibroblast proliferation
- collagen synthesis
What does the proliferation of many cells lead to
granulation of the tissue
What is granulated tissue like
Dense population of macrophages, fibroblasts and neovascularization in a loose matrix of collagen
what does the failure to stop the proliferative phase lead to
(granulomatous conditions) e.g. scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis
When is the maturation phase
day 21-2years
What is evidence for the involvement of macrophages
- reduced vascularisation
- remodelling of collagen and reinnavation by nerves
