Skin

Question 1

Study guide:

Differentiate between the clinical presentation of various skin rashes (ie. contact dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, tinea infections)

Answer 1

Study Guide:

Differentiate between the clinical presentation of various skin rashes (ie. contact dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, tinea infections)
✓ What is the clinical presentation of hypothyroidism? Hyperthyroidism?
✓ Know how to perform various eye exams
✓ What is considered normal findings when assessing the pupils?
✓ Know how to correctly interpret visual acuity findings from the Snellen Eye Chart.
✓ Differentiate between the various hearing acuity exams and normal findings for each.
✓ Know each of the 12 cranial nerves by name, number, what it innervates, and how to assess it.

Question 2

SKIN RASHES:

erythematous, pruritic skin reaction due to contact with exogenous agent, including allergens or irritants(1, 3, 5)

Rash typically is a papular or papulovesicular pruritic eruption which may be linear or geometric corresponding to the area of contact

Answer 2

Contact dermatitis

Question 3

SKIN RASHES
due to a delayed immunologic response (type IV hypersensitivity) to a cutaneous or systemic exposure to an allergen to which the patient has been previously sensitized.

latency period of 12-48 hours between exposure to allergen and clinical dermatitis.

Answer 3

Allergic contact dermatitis

Question 4

Skin Rashes

Poison ivy, poison sumac, and poison oak most common causes of______ in the United States.

Answer 4

allergic (cell-mediated) contact dermatitis in the United States.

Question 5

______most common cause of metal dermatitis and most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis worldwide.

Answer 5

Nickel

Question 6

Presentation:

pruritus (itching) often major symptom(1, 3)
localized or generalized rash(1, 5)
burning or stinging sensation or pain may occur with irritant dermatitis(6)

Answer 6

Contact dermatitis

Question 7

A common, acute, self-limited papulosquamous skin rash that most commonly affects children and young adults.

Answer 7

Pityriasis rosea

Question 8

The etiology is unclear, but it is associated with a history of recent respiratory infection in 8%-20% of patients.

Human herpesvirus types 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7) may be involved in triggering

Answer 8

Pityriasis rosea

Question 9

Prodromal symptoms of malaise, mild fever, cough, or headache are seen in about two-thirds of patients.

Answer 9

Pytariasis rosea

Question 10

Typical presentation starts with a solitary oval, rose-colored herald patch (2-10 cm in diameter) on trunk or limbs, followed 1-2 weeks later by multiple, similar but smaller scaling lesions distributed along cleavage (Langer) lines of trunk, neck, and proximal limbs.

Answer 10

Pytariasis rosea

Question 11

A chronic inflammatory multisystem disease that predominantly affects the skin and/or joints.

Answer 11

Psoriasis

Question 12

May be triggered or exacerbated by certain drugs, infections, skin trauma, obesity, stress, and other environmental factors.

Answer 12

Psoriasis

Question 13

Patients may be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, depression, Crohn disease, and ulcerative colitis.

Answer 13

Psoriasis

Question 14

The most common type is called “plaque” and characterized by well-circumscribed, erythematous, flat-topped plaques with adherent silvery scale on extensor surfaces, scalp, trunk, or buttocks.

Answer 14

Psoriasis

Question 15

Measure of overall psoriasis severity and coverage

Answer 15

Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)(1)

Question 16

includes:
body surface area (BSA)
erythema
induration
scaling

Answer 16

Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)(1)

Question 17

skin lesions(1)
most commonly, erythematous, scaly patches, papules, or plaques on extensor surfaces of extremities, scalp, trunk, and buttocks

less commonly,
rash in skin folds, or pustular rash on palms and soles
variable itching and/or pain with lesions(1)

Answer 17

Psoriasis

Question 18

A superficial fungal cutaneous infection commonly known as ringworm.

Answer 18

Tinea corporis

Question 19

Rash characterized by 1 or more annular lesions on trunk, extremities, or face(1, 2)

lesions may be red, scaly, and pruritic

there may be a single lesion or multiple lesions, generally 1-5 cm

lesions may assume different morphologies – arcuate, annular, pustulur

Answer 19

Tinea corporis

Question 20

interdigital is most common presentation.

characterized by interdigital erythema, scaling, maceration, and fissuring, typically starting between fourth and fifth toes (collectively called dermatophytosis simplex).

symptoms may include itching, burning, or malodor
dorsal surface generally unaffected unless patient immunocompromised

Answer 20

Tines pedis

Question 21

Athletes foot is ____

Answer 21

Tines pedis

Question 22

Presents as:

itching or burning of feet, especially between toes

scaling, maceration, or sloughing of skin on feet

Answer 22

Tinea pedis

Question 23

Presents as:
Located on scalp.

pruritus
scaling
alopecia

Answer 23

Tinea capitus

Question 24

Presents with itchy, scaly plaques located on the scalp which may have an associated area of alopecia.

It may present as an indurated, boggy pustular mass known as a kerion which represents an exaggerated immune response to fungus.

Answer 24

Tinea capitus

Question 25

It is the most common fungal infection in the United States pediatric population, affecting primarily African American children between the ages of 3 and 7.

Answer 25

Tinea capitus

Question 26

A fungal infection of the skin of the groin or inner thighs, and is commonly known as jock itch.

Answer 26

Tunes cruris

Question 27

Adolescent and adult males are most commonly affected.
Risk factors include physical activities that increase perspiration in the groin, occlusive clothing, obesity, immunocompromise, and exposure to tinea from close contacts.

Answer 27

Tines cruris

Question 28

red, scaly rash on upper thigh and groin, with sparing of scrotum(2)
itching(1)
burning(1)

Answer 28

Tines cruris