Genitourinary - Male Flashcards
- A 59-year-old patient has been diagnosed with prostatitis and is being seen at the clinic for complaints of burning and pain during urination. He is experiencing:
a.
Dysuria.
b.
Nocturia.
c.
Polyuria.
d.
Hematuria.
ANS: A
Dysuria (burning with urination) is common with acute cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis. Nocturia is voiding during the night. Polyuria is voiding in excessive quantities. Hematuria is voiding with blood in the urine.
. A 55-year-old man is in the clinic for a yearly checkup. He is worried because his father died of prostate cancer. The nurse knows which tests should be performed at this time? Select all that apply.
a.
Blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
b.
Urinalysis
c.
Transrectal ultrasound
d.
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
e.
Prostate biopsy
1a
ANS: A, D
Prostate cancer is typically detected by testing the blood for PSA or by a DRE. It is recommended that both PSA and DRE be offered to men annually, beginning at age 50 years. If the PSA is elevated, then further laboratory work or a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and biopsy may be recommended.
The nurse is aware of which statement to be true regarding the incidence of testicular cancer?
a.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 30 to 50 years.
b.
The early symptoms of testicular cancer are pain and induration.
c.
Men with a history of cryptorchidism are at the greatest risk for the development of testicular cancer.
d.
The cure rate for testicular cancer is low.
24a
ANS: C
Men with undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) are at the greatest risk for the development of testicular cancer. The overall incidence of testicular cancer is rare. Although testicular cancer has no early symptoms, when detected early and treated before metastasizing, the cure rate is almost 100%.
A 15-year-old boy is seen in the clinic for complaints of dull pain and pulling in the scrotal area. On examination, the nurse palpates a soft, irregular mass posterior to and above the testis on the left. This mass collapses when the patient is supine and refills when he is upright. This description is consistent with:
a.
Epididymitis.
b.
Spermatocele.
c.
Testicular torsion.
d.
Varicocele.
31a
ANS: D
A varicocele consists of dilated, tortuous varicose veins in the spermatic cord caused by incompetent valves within the vein. Symptoms include dull pain or a constant pulling or dragging feeling, or the individual may be asymptomatic. When palpating the mass, the examiner will feel a soft, irregular mass posterior to and above the testis that collapses when the individual is supine and refills when the individual is upright. (See Table 24-6 for more information and for the descriptions of the other options.)
When the nurse is performing a testicular examination on a 25-year-old man, which finding is considered normal?
a.
Nontender subcutaneous plaques
b.
Scrotal area that is dry, scaly, and nodular
c.
Testes that feel oval and movable and are slightly sensitive to compression
d.
Single, hard, circumscribed, movable mass, less than 1 cm under the surface of the testes
33a
ANS: C
Testes normally feel oval, firm and rubbery, smooth, and bilaterally equal and are freely movable and slightly tender to moderate pressure. The scrotal skin should not be dry, scaly, or nodular or contain subcutaneous plaques. Any mass would be an abnormal finding.
A 55-year-old man is experiencing severe pain of sudden onset in the scrotal area. It is somewhat relieved by elevation. On examination the nurse notices an enlarged, red scrotum that is very tender to palpation. Distinguishing the epididymis from the testis is difficult, and the scrotal skin is thick and edematous. This description is consistent with which of these?
a.
Varicocele
b.
Epididymitis
c.
Spermatocele
d.
Testicular torsion
35a
ANS: B
Epididymitis presents as severe pain of sudden onset in the scrotum that is somewhat relieved by elevation. On examination, the scrotum is enlarged, reddened, and exquisitely tender. The epididymis is enlarged and indurated and may be hard to distinguish from the testis. The overlying scrotal skin may be thick and edematous. (See Table 24-6 for more information and for the descriptions of the other terms.)
The prostate gland typically enlarges during what years?
Middle adult years
Normal enlargement of the prostate gland in the middle adult years is known as
Benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH)
seen in 1 in 10 males by age 40
BPH
BPH is caused by what?
Hormonal imbalance that leads to the proliferation of benign adenomas
