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CE > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in color of the skin. less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex: Freckles,, flat moles, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever

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2
Q

papule

A

an elevated, firm, circumscribed area. less than 1 cm D. ex. Wart, elevated moles, lichen planus

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3
Q

Patch

A

A flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule greater than 1 cm in D. ex. vitiligo, port-wine stain, mongolian sports, cafe au lait patch

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4
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated, firm and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in D. EX. psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses

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5
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, irregular- shaped area of cutaneous edema,solid transient, variable diameter. EX: insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction

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6
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated firm circumscribed lesion, deeper in dermis than in papule. 1-2cm in D. EX: Eythema nodosum, lipoma

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7
Q

Tumor

A

Elevated and solid lesion, may or may not be clearly demarcated. deeper in dermis, greater than 2 cm in diamter EX: neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma

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8
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis. filled with serous fluid. less than 1 cm in diameter. Varicella, herpes zoster

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9
Q

bulla;

A

Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter. EX: blister, pemphigus vulgaris

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10
Q

Pustule

A

Elevated, superficial lesion, filled with purulent fluid. EX: impetigo, acne

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11
Q

Cyst

A

Elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion, in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material. EX: Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne

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12
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation. EX: Telangiectasia in rosacea

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13
Q

Scale

A

Heaped-up, keratinized cells, flaky skin, irregular, thick or thick, dry or oily. variation in size. EX: flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis following scarlet fever or flaking of skin following a drug reaction, dry skin

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14
Q

lichenification

A

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation. ex. Chronic derm

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15
Q

Keloid

A

Irregular shaped elevated. progressively growing scar. caused by excess collagen formation during healing. EX: Formation following surgery

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16
Q

scar

A

thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis. EX: healed wound or surgical incision

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17
Q

excoriation

A

loss of epidermis, linear hollowed-out crusted area. EX: abrasion or scratch scabies

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18
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis. ex athletes food, cracks at the corner of mouth

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19
Q

erosion

A

loss of part of the epidermis, depressed, mois glistening. ex. varicella, variola after rupture

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20
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidermis and dermis, concave. Decubiti, statis ulcers

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21
Q

Crust

A

Dried serum, blood, purulent exudate. multicolored. scab on abrasion, eczema.

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22
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin surface, loss of skin markings. EX: Striae, aged skin.

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23
Q

purpura

A

Red-purple nonblanchable discoluration greater than 0.5 cm diameter. Cause: Intravascular defects, infection

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24
Q

Petechiae

A

Red-purple nonblanchable discoloration less than 0.5 cm Cause: Intravascular defects, infection

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25
Q

Ecchymoses

A

red purple non blanchable discoloration variable in size. Cause: vascular wall destruction, trauma, vasculitis

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26
Q

spider angioma

A

red central body with radiatiing spiderlike legs that blanch with pressure to the central body. Cause: liver disease, Vitamin B def, idiopathic

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27
Q

venous star

A

bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped, does not blanch with pressure. Cause: increased pressure in superficial veins

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28
Q

Capillary hemangioma

A

red irregular macular patches: causes dilation of dermal cap

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29
Q

Eczematic Dermatitis

A

most common inflam skin disorder. Several forms: irritatnt contact, allergic contact, atopic

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30
Q

acute phase of Eczematic Dermatitis

A

eythrematous, pruritic, weeping vesicles

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31
Q

Subacute phase of Eczematic Dermatitis

A

erythema and scaling

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32
Q

chronic stage of Eczematic Dermatitis

A

thick, lichenified, pruritic plaques

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33
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

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34
Q

Furuncle (boil)

A

Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit

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35
Q

Most common organism of boil?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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36
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse, acute, infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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37
Q

major causes of cellulitis

A

streptococcus pygenes or S. Aureus

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38
Q

Tinea

A

Group of noncandidal fungal infection

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39
Q

Tinea corporis

A

nonhairy parts of body

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40
Q

tinea cruris

A

on groin and inner thigh

41
Q

Tinea capitis

A

on the scalp

42
Q

tinea pedis

A

on feet

43
Q

tinea unguium

A

on nails

44
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause

45
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic and recurrent disease of keratin synthesis

46
Q

how is psoriasis characterized by

A

well-circumscriped, dry silvery scaling papules and plaques.

47
Q

rosacea

A

chronic inflammatory skin disorder

48
Q

herpes zoster

A

varicella- zoster viral infection

49
Q

herpes simplex

A

infection by herpes simplex virus

50
Q

drug erruption

A

immunologically mediated cutaneous reaction to IGE dependent, cytotoxic, immune complex and cell mediated hypersensitivity

non immunological to direct release of mast cell and idiosyncratic reaction

51
Q

acnthosis nigricans

A

nonspecific reaction pattern associated with obesity, certain endocrine syndromes, or malignancies or as an inheritied disorder

52
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common form of skin cancer. arises in basal layer of epidermis. skinny nodule that is pearly or translucent.

53
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

second most common. arises in epithellium. elevated growth with a central depression. precursor is actinic keratosis

54
Q

malignant melanoma

A

lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes

55
Q

A of melenoma

A

Asymmetry. one-half of mole or birthmark doesn’t match the other

56
Q

B of Melenoma

A

edges are irregular, ragged, notched or blured

57
Q

C of Mel

A

color not the same all over

58
Q

D of mel

A

The diameter is >6 cm

59
Q

E for mel

A

changes in existing pigment lesions, particularly in nonuniform pattern =.

60
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

a neoplasm of the endothelium and epithelial layer of skin

61
Q

alopecia areata

A

sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair, usually from the scalp or face

62
Q

scarring alopecia

A

scarring and destruction of hair follicles and permanent hair loss

63
Q

traction alopecia

A

prolonged tension of the hair from traction breaks hair shaft

64
Q

hirsutism

A

growth of terminal hair in women in the male distribution pattern on the face, body and pubic areas.

65
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the paronychium

66
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail

67
Q

ingrown nails

A

nail pierces the lateral nail fold and grows into the dermis

68
Q

subungual hematoma

A

trauma to the nail plate severe enough to cause immediate bleeding and pain

69
Q

leukonychia punctata

A

white spots on nail plate

70
Q

median nail dystrophy

A

nail deformity as result of nail picking or biting habit.

71
Q

onycholusis

A

loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail

72
Q

koilonychia (spoon nails)

A

central depression of the nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate

73
Q

beau lines

A

transverse depression in the nail bed

74
Q

white banding (Terry nails)

A

transverse white bands

75
Q

warts

A

epidermal neoplasm caused by viral infection

76
Q

digital mucous cysts

A

cystlike structures contain a clear jelly like substance

77
Q

pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy

A

a benign dermatosis that usually arises late in the third trimester of a first pregnancy

78
Q

herpes gestationis

A

rare autoimmune disorder of pregnancy

79
Q

seborrheic dermatits

A

chronic, recurrent, erythematous scaling eruption localized in areas where secaceous glands are concentrated. scalp lesions are scaling, adherent, thick, yellow and crusted”craddle cap”

80
Q

miliaria rubra “prickly heat”

A

caused by sweat retention from occlusion of sweat ducts during periods of heat and high humiditiy.

81
Q

impetigo

A

common contagious superficial skin infection. caused by staph and or infection of epidermis

82
Q

acne vulgaris

A

androgen stimulates sebacus to produce lots sebum and the kereatination proccess of the canal is dirupted leading to comedo formation - open blackheads and closed whiteheads

83
Q

chickenpox (varicella)

A

acute, highly communicalble disease common in children

84
Q

measles

A

measules virus infect the resp epithelium.. forms koplik spots on buccal mucosa. macular rash develops on face.

85
Q

German measles (rubella)

A

mild, febrile, highly communicable viral disease. generalized light pink to red maculopapular rash

86
Q

hair puling

A

loss of scalp hair can be caused by physical manipulation.

87
Q

Statis dermatitis

A

ocurs on lower legs. erythematous, scaling, weeping patches on LE, ulceration may be present

88
Q

solar keratosis (actinic keratosis)

A

squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis.

89
Q

Faun Tail nevus

A

tuft of hair overlying the spinal column at birth, usually in the lumbosacral area. maybe with spina bifida occulta

90
Q

epidermal verrucous nevi

A

wart lesion in a linear or whorled patern. associated with skeletal, CNS, and ocular abnormalities

91
Q

cafe au lait

A

flat, evenly pid sport in varying color, larger than 5mm. maybe associated with neurofibromatosis

92
Q

frecking in the axilary or inguinal

A

multiple flat pigmented macule with neurofibromatosis

93
Q

ash leaf macule

A

white macule associated with tuberous sclerosis

94
Q

facial port-wine stain

A

may be associated with glaucoma or maybe accompanied by angiomatous malformation of the meninges

95
Q

port wine stain of limb

A

may be associated with orthopedic problems

96
Q

congenital lymph

A

my be associated with gonagal dysgenses caused by abscence of an x chromosome

97
Q

supernumerary nipples

A

congential accessory nipples with or without glandular tissue. renal abnorm

98
Q

hair collar sign

A

a ring of long dark coarse hair surrounding a midline scalp module in infants is usually an isolated cutaneous anomaly that may indicate neural tube closure defects of the scalp

CE (3 decks)

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