Skin Flashcards
Macule
Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in color of the skin. less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex: Freckles,, flat moles, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever
papule
an elevated, firm, circumscribed area. less than 1 cm D. ex. Wart, elevated moles, lichen planus
Patch
A flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule greater than 1 cm in D. ex. vitiligo, port-wine stain, mongolian sports, cafe au lait patch
Plaque
Elevated, firm and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in D. EX. psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses
Wheal
Elevated, irregular- shaped area of cutaneous edema,solid transient, variable diameter. EX: insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
Nodule
Elevated firm circumscribed lesion, deeper in dermis than in papule. 1-2cm in D. EX: Eythema nodosum, lipoma
Tumor
Elevated and solid lesion, may or may not be clearly demarcated. deeper in dermis, greater than 2 cm in diamter EX: neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma
Vesicle
Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis. filled with serous fluid. less than 1 cm in diameter. Varicella, herpes zoster
bulla;
Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter. EX: blister, pemphigus vulgaris
Pustule
Elevated, superficial lesion, filled with purulent fluid. EX: impetigo, acne
Cyst
Elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion, in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material. EX: Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne
Telangiectasia
Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation. EX: Telangiectasia in rosacea
Scale
Heaped-up, keratinized cells, flaky skin, irregular, thick or thick, dry or oily. variation in size. EX: flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis following scarlet fever or flaking of skin following a drug reaction, dry skin
lichenification
rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation. ex. Chronic derm
Keloid
Irregular shaped elevated. progressively growing scar. caused by excess collagen formation during healing. EX: Formation following surgery
scar
thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis. EX: healed wound or surgical incision
excoriation
loss of epidermis, linear hollowed-out crusted area. EX: abrasion or scratch scabies
Fissure
Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis. ex athletes food, cracks at the corner of mouth
erosion
loss of part of the epidermis, depressed, mois glistening. ex. varicella, variola after rupture
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis, concave. Decubiti, statis ulcers
Crust
Dried serum, blood, purulent exudate. multicolored. scab on abrasion, eczema.
Atrophy
Thinning of skin surface, loss of skin markings. EX: Striae, aged skin.
purpura
Red-purple nonblanchable discoluration greater than 0.5 cm diameter. Cause: Intravascular defects, infection
Petechiae
Red-purple nonblanchable discoloration less than 0.5 cm Cause: Intravascular defects, infection
Ecchymoses
red purple non blanchable discoloration variable in size. Cause: vascular wall destruction, trauma, vasculitis
spider angioma
red central body with radiatiing spiderlike legs that blanch with pressure to the central body. Cause: liver disease, Vitamin B def, idiopathic
venous star
bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped, does not blanch with pressure. Cause: increased pressure in superficial veins
Capillary hemangioma
red irregular macular patches: causes dilation of dermal cap
Eczematic Dermatitis
most common inflam skin disorder. Several forms: irritatnt contact, allergic contact, atopic
acute phase of Eczematic Dermatitis
eythrematous, pruritic, weeping vesicles
Subacute phase of Eczematic Dermatitis
erythema and scaling
chronic stage of Eczematic Dermatitis
thick, lichenified, pruritic plaques
Folliculitis
Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis
Furuncle (boil)
Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit
Most common organism of boil?
Staphylococcus aureus
Cellulitis
Diffuse, acute, infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
major causes of cellulitis
streptococcus pygenes or S. Aureus
Tinea
Group of noncandidal fungal infection
Tinea corporis
nonhairy parts of body
tinea cruris
on groin and inner thigh
Tinea capitis
on the scalp
tinea pedis
on feet
tinea unguium
on nails
pityriasis rosea
self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause
psoriasis
chronic and recurrent disease of keratin synthesis
how is psoriasis characterized by
well-circumscriped, dry silvery scaling papules and plaques.
rosacea
chronic inflammatory skin disorder
herpes zoster
varicella- zoster viral infection
herpes simplex
infection by herpes simplex virus
drug erruption
immunologically mediated cutaneous reaction to IGE dependent, cytotoxic, immune complex and cell mediated hypersensitivity
non immunological to direct release of mast cell and idiosyncratic reaction
acnthosis nigricans
nonspecific reaction pattern associated with obesity, certain endocrine syndromes, or malignancies or as an inheritied disorder
basal cell carcinoma
most common form of skin cancer. arises in basal layer of epidermis. skinny nodule that is pearly or translucent.
Squamous cell carcinoma
second most common. arises in epithellium. elevated growth with a central depression. precursor is actinic keratosis
malignant melanoma
lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes
A of melenoma
Asymmetry. one-half of mole or birthmark doesn’t match the other
B of Melenoma
edges are irregular, ragged, notched or blured
C of Mel
color not the same all over
D of mel
The diameter is >6 cm
E for mel
changes in existing pigment lesions, particularly in nonuniform pattern =.
Kaposi sarcoma
a neoplasm of the endothelium and epithelial layer of skin
alopecia areata
sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair, usually from the scalp or face
scarring alopecia
scarring and destruction of hair follicles and permanent hair loss
traction alopecia
prolonged tension of the hair from traction breaks hair shaft
hirsutism
growth of terminal hair in women in the male distribution pattern on the face, body and pubic areas.
paronychia
inflammation of the paronychium
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
ingrown nails
nail pierces the lateral nail fold and grows into the dermis
subungual hematoma
trauma to the nail plate severe enough to cause immediate bleeding and pain
leukonychia punctata
white spots on nail plate
median nail dystrophy
nail deformity as result of nail picking or biting habit.
onycholusis
loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail
koilonychia (spoon nails)
central depression of the nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate
beau lines
transverse depression in the nail bed
white banding (Terry nails)
transverse white bands
warts
epidermal neoplasm caused by viral infection
digital mucous cysts
cystlike structures contain a clear jelly like substance
pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
a benign dermatosis that usually arises late in the third trimester of a first pregnancy
herpes gestationis
rare autoimmune disorder of pregnancy
seborrheic dermatits
chronic, recurrent, erythematous scaling eruption localized in areas where secaceous glands are concentrated. scalp lesions are scaling, adherent, thick, yellow and crusted”craddle cap”
miliaria rubra “prickly heat”
caused by sweat retention from occlusion of sweat ducts during periods of heat and high humiditiy.
impetigo
common contagious superficial skin infection. caused by staph and or infection of epidermis
acne vulgaris
androgen stimulates sebacus to produce lots sebum and the kereatination proccess of the canal is dirupted leading to comedo formation - open blackheads and closed whiteheads
chickenpox (varicella)
acute, highly communicalble disease common in children
measles
measules virus infect the resp epithelium.. forms koplik spots on buccal mucosa. macular rash develops on face.
German measles (rubella)
mild, febrile, highly communicable viral disease. generalized light pink to red maculopapular rash
hair puling
loss of scalp hair can be caused by physical manipulation.
Statis dermatitis
ocurs on lower legs. erythematous, scaling, weeping patches on LE, ulceration may be present
solar keratosis (actinic keratosis)
squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis.
Faun Tail nevus
tuft of hair overlying the spinal column at birth, usually in the lumbosacral area. maybe with spina bifida occulta
epidermal verrucous nevi
wart lesion in a linear or whorled patern. associated with skeletal, CNS, and ocular abnormalities
cafe au lait
flat, evenly pid sport in varying color, larger than 5mm. maybe associated with neurofibromatosis
frecking in the axilary or inguinal
multiple flat pigmented macule with neurofibromatosis
ash leaf macule
white macule associated with tuberous sclerosis
facial port-wine stain
may be associated with glaucoma or maybe accompanied by angiomatous malformation of the meninges
port wine stain of limb
may be associated with orthopedic problems
congenital lymph
my be associated with gonagal dysgenses caused by abscence of an x chromosome
supernumerary nipples
congential accessory nipples with or without glandular tissue. renal abnorm
hair collar sign
a ring of long dark coarse hair surrounding a midline scalp module in infants is usually an isolated cutaneous anomaly that may indicate neural tube closure defects of the scalp
