Blood vessels Flashcards
pulses alternans
alteration of a pulsation of small amplitude with the pulsation of large amplitude while the rhythm is reg. cause: left ventricular failure
pulsus bisferiens
best detected by palpation of the carotid artery. two main peaks. first is percussion and second tidal. cause: aortic stenosis combined with aortic insufficiency
bigeminal pulse
a normal pulsation followed by a premature contraction. the amp of the premature contraction is less that of the normal pulsation cause: disorder of rhythm
large, bounding pulse
does not fade out. 3+. Cause: excerise, anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis
pulsus paradoxus
an exaggerated decrease in the amplitude of pulsation during inspiration and increased amplitude during expiration. cause: premature cardiac contraction, tracheobronchial obstruction, bronchial asthma, emphysema, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis
water hammer pulse
has a cgreater amp than expected, a rapid rise to a narrow summit and a sudden descent. patent ductus arteriosus. aortic regurgitation.
temporal arteritis
an inflam disease of the brances of the aortic arch including the temporal arteries. pulse may be strong, weak or absent. can lead to ischemia. thrombosis
Arterial aneurysm
localized dilation about 1.5 times the diameter, caused by weakness of arterial wall. 4 times more common in men. severe ripping pain.
Arteriovenous fistulaa
pathologic communication between an artery and vein. continous bruit over area. if large, than significant A - V shunting of blood
Peripheral arterial disease
stenosis of the blood supply to the extremities by atherosclerotic plaques. intermittent claudication prodeuces pain, ache and tramps in excericised muscle.
claudication
ischemia of muscle
Raynauds phenomenon
exaggerated spasm of the digital arterioles usually in response to cold
Primary raynauds
triphasic demarcated skin pallor, cyanosis, and reperfusion in extremities
Secondary raynauds
ulcers may appear on the tip of digits and eventually the skin over the digits can appear smooth, shiny and tight from loss of subcutaneous tisssue.
Arterial embolic disease
atrial fibrillation can lead to clot formation within the atrium. if the clot is unstable, emboli may be dispersed throughout the arterial system.
venous thrombosis
thromosis can occur suddenly or gradually and varying sxs. can use homans sign to test
hypertension
bp higher than 140/90. responaible for stroke, renal failure and congestive heart failure
tricuspid regurgitation
backflow of blood into the right atrium during systole. a mild degree of this can be seen into 75% adults.
Atrial fib
arrhythima from decreased cardiac output, atrial thrombus formation with subsequent embolization.. The A wave is absent and the pulse is irregular. There are only two venous pulsation for each arterial pulsation
cardiac tamponade
the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space leading to compression and dysfunction of the heart chambers. Sudden onset chest pain and dyspnea. JVP 15 to 25cmH. pulsus pradoxus (decrease in systolic bp greater than 10 mmHG with inspiration) might be present.
constrictive pericarditis
chronic inflammation and subsequent scarring of the pericardium. prominent y-descent.
coarctation of the aorta
stenosis seen most commonly in the descending aortic arch near the origin of the left subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum.
Kawasaki disease
an acute vasculitic illness of uncertain cause afecting young males more ofthen than females. concern for aneurysm of a cornary. findings may include conjuctival injection, strawberry tongue and edema of hand and feet
preeclampsia
hypertension after the 20th week of preg and the presence of proteinuria. eclampsia with seizure.
venous ulcer
chronic venous insufficiency in which lack of venous flow leads to lower extremity venous hypertension.
