SKIN Flashcards

0
Q

Solar / Acitinic Keratosis

Def’n, Pres, Comp / Prog?

A

Pre-malignant lesions caused by sun exposure.

PRES:
- Small rough papules or plaques- red or brown

COMP / PROG:
- Risk of SCC proportional to epithelial dysplasia

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1
Q

Albinism

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Chediak-Higashi Sx (phagocyte dysfunction)

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2
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

Pres, Course?

A

PRES:

  • Multiple Papules
  • “Herald patch” followed days later by “Christmas tree” distribution

Remits spontaneously in 6-8 wks.

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3
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

Def’n, Pres, IF Finding?

A

Autoimmune skin disorder with IgG against Hemidesmosomes.
** LESS SEVERE than Pemphigus Vulgaris **

PRES:
- Bullae: Tense. Contain Eosinophils.

IF:
- Linear pattern of antibodies at epidermal-dermal junction

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4
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Def’n, Locations (2),
Pres (2), Histo (2), IF Finding?

A

Autoimmune skin disorder with IgG antibody against Desmoglein.
** Potentially fatal **

Skin + Oral mucosa.

PRES:

  • Bullae: Flaccid + Rupturing
  • Nikolsky Sign + (separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin)

HISTO:

  • Acantholisis
  • Bullae (intraepidermal)

IF:
- Ab around epidermal cells in “reticular / net-like pattern”

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5
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Def’n, Location, Assoc, Pres?

A

IgA deposits at tips of dermal papillae.

MC Location = Elbows

ASSOC: Celiac Disease

PRES:
- Papules + Pruritic vesicles

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6
Q

Erythema Multiforme -> S-J Sx -> Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Def’n, Subtype, Assoc (5, incl 3 drugs), Pres (2), Histo (3)?

A

H-S rx char by targetoid rash (central necrosis surrounded by erythema) + bullae.

PRES:

  • Targetoid rash
  • Bullae

Stevens-Johnson Sx: EM with lip / oral mucosa involvement + fever ->
Diffuse sloughing of skin (resembling large burn).
Potential death.

ASSOC:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • HSV
  • Autoimmune Disease (ie SLE)
  • Cancer
  • Drugs: Penicillins, Sulfa drugs, Phenytoin

HISTO:

  • Macules
  • Papules
  • Pustules
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7
Q

Erythema Nodosum

Def’n, Location, Assoc (7)?

A

Infl lesions of subcutaneous fat.

MC on Ant Shins

ASSOC:

  • Strep infections
  • Coccidioidomycosis
  • Histoplasmosis
  • TB
  • Leprosy
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Crohn Disease
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8
Q

Lichen Planus

Def’n, Assoc, Locations (3), Pres (“4 Ps”)?

A

“Sawtooth inflitrate” of lymphocytes at epidermal-dermal junction.

ASSOC:
- Hepatitis C

Oral mucosa, Elbows, Wrists.

PRES = Purple Pruritic Polygonal Papules

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9
Q

Psoriasis

Def’n, HLA, Location (3), Pres (Sign + 1), Histo (2)?

A

Excessive proliferation of keratinocytes.
Well-circumscribed red plaques with silvery scaling.

HLA-C.

Scalp, Elbows, Knees.

PRES:

  • Auspitz Sign
  • Red plaques: well-circumscribed w silvery scaling

HISTO:

  • Parakeratosis
  • Acanthosis
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10
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans

Def’n, Locations (2), Assoc (2)?

A

Acanthosis with darkening of skin -> “velvety skin”.

MC on Neck + Axilla.

ASSOC:

  • Hyperinsulinemia
  • Visceral malignancy
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11
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

Def’n, Pres (Epi + Sign + 1), Histo?

A

Benign squamous proliferation.

PRES: Elderly

  • Raised, pigmented, greasy / waxy plaques with “stuck-on” appearance
  • Leser-Trelat Sign: Sudden appearance of MULTIPLE of these
    • ** Indicates underlying malignancy ***

HISTO:
- Horn Cysts: Keratin-filled pseudocysts

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12
Q

Melanoma

Pres, Prognosis?

A

PRES:
- Brown-black lesion with fuzzy edge

PROG: ** DEPTH of lesion = most important prog factor **

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13
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Pres (3 options, 4 subfeatures in 1st)?

A

PRES:

  • “Pearly Pink Papule” with:
    • Rolled edges
    • Central ulcerated “crater”
    • “Palisading” nuclei
    • Dilated (telangiectatic) surrounding vessels
  • Nonhealing Ulcers with infiltrating growth
  • Scaling Plaque
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14
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Precursor, MC Locations (4), Assoc, Pres, Biopsy Finding?

A

PRECURSOR = Solar / Actinic Keratosis

MC Locations = Face, Lower Lip, Ears, Hands

ASSOC:
- Can be sign of Mature Ovarian Teratoma

PRES:
- Ulcerative red lesion

BIOPSY:
- “Keratin pearls” (Skin Biopsy)

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15
Q

Limited Scleroderma / CREST Sx

Def’n + Locations, Antibody, Pres (5: “CREST”)?

A

Scleroderma limited to Face + Fingers.

Anti-Centromere Antibody.

PRES:

  • Calcinosis (formation of Ca deposits in any soft tis)
  • Raynaud Phenomenon
  • Esophageal Dysmotility
  • Sclerodactyly (thickening / tightening of skin of fingers + toes)
  • Telangiectasia (“spider veins”: small dilated bl vessels)
16
Q

Roseola (Exanthem Subitum)

Causative Bugs (2), Trans, Pres (Epi + 2)?

A

CB:

    • HHV-6
  • HHV-7

TRANS: Saliva

PRES: Infants (usually)

  • Several days of high fever -> Macular rash over body
  • Febrile seizures (sometimes)
17
Q

Hand-Foot-Mouth Dz

Causative Bug, Pres (2)?

A

CB = Coxsackie A virus.

PRES: Vesicles

  • Vesicular rash on palms + soles
  • Vesicles + ulcers in oral mucosa
18
Q

Rubella

Pres (2)?

A

PRES:
- Rash begins at head and moves down (same as Measles) ->
Fine truncal rash.
- Postauricular lymphadenopathy

19
Q

Scarlet Fever

Causative Bug, Pres (4)?

A

CB = Strep pyogenes.

PRES:

  • Erythematous “sandpaper”-like rash
  • “Strawberry tongue”
  • Fever
  • Sore throat