Skin

Question 1

What is active immunity?

Answer 1

Our own body and immune system is responsible for protecting us

Question 2

What is passive immunity?

Answer 2

We’re protected from pathogens by immunity gained from somewhere else

Question 3

Key features of active immunity

Answer 3

Long acting

Memory cells produced

Antibodies made by own white blood cells

Results from pathogen invasion or vaccination

Question 4

What are some key features of passive immunity?

Answer 4

Short acting (temporary)

No memory cells

Antibodies from outside of the body

Antibodies provided by injection/breast milk/across placenta

Question 5

What is herd immunity?

Answer 5

Happens when a high percentage of community is immune to a disease, making spread from person to person unlikely. Even unvaccinated persons are offered protection because the disease has little opportunity to spread.

Question 6

What is the vaccine for chickenpox?

Answer 6

Varicella protects against chickenpox

Question 7

How is chickenpox spread?

Answer 7

Air, direct contract

Question 8

What is chickenpox symptoms and complications?

Answer 8

Symptoms: rash, tired, HA, fever

Complications: infected blisters, bleeding disorders, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), pneumonia

Question 9

What is the vaccine that protects against diphtheria? And how is it spread?

Answer 9

DTAP

Aid, direct contact

Question 10

Symptoms and complications of diphtheria?

Answer 10

Symptoms: sore throat, mouth, fever, weakness, swollen glands in neck

Complications: swelling of the heart, muscles, heart, failure, coma, paralysis, death

Question 11

What is varicella?

Answer 11

Starts with fluid filled vesicles that begin on the trunk and spread throughout the body

Causes itching

Contagious until the vesicles have crusted

Question 12

What is pertussis (whopping cough)?

Answer 12

Typically seen in young infants of less than 1 years old

Profuse nasal drainage

Paroxysmal cough- fits of coughing with rapid intake of breaths that sound like “whoop”

Vomiting after coughing episodes

Question 13

What vaccine protects against pertussis? And how is it spread?

Answer 13

DTAP and its spread by air and direct contact

Question 14

What are measles?

Answer 14

Raised red rash over trunk

High fever

Cough

Koplik spots- tiny white spots inside the mouth of a person with measles

Question 15

What vaccine protects against measles, and how is it spread?

Answer 15

MMR

Air, direct contact

Question 16

What is mumps?

Answer 16

Swelling of parotid (salivary glands)

Fever

HA

Tiredness

Aches

Loss of appetite

Question 17

What vaccine protects against mumps, and how is it spread?

Answer 17

MMR

Air, direct contact

Question 18

What are the complications of mumps?

Answer 18

Meningitis (infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord)

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the testicles or ovaries

Deafness

Question 19

True or False… live vaccines be given to immunocompromised patients?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What are some live vaccines?

Answer 20

MMR

Varicella

Influenza

Rotavirus

Question 21

What is impetigo?

Answer 21

A bacterial infection of the skin

Grouped red based open lesions that close with honey coloured crust

Appear more commonly on the face (neck and arms too)

Question 22

What is the most common cause of impetigo?

Answer 22

Strep followed by staph

Contagious

Question 23

What is the treatment for impetigo

Answer 23

Oral antibiotics

Antibiotic cream/ointment

Handwashing

Short fingernails

Question 24

What is fifth disease?

Answer 24

Caused the virus parovirus

Bright red rash on cheeks (slapped cheek disease) usually for 2-4 days

Runny nose, HA, fever

Question 25

How to treat fifth disease?

Answer 25

Treat symptoms only

Question 26

What is tinea (ringworm)

Answer 26

Ring shaped red and scaly patches with clear center

Itchy

Question 27

How to treat tinea

Answer 27

Oral and/or topical anti fungal

Question 28

What is pediculosis (lice)

Answer 28

Parasitic infection that cause intense itching

Shared by close contact or shared items

Question 29

Where do you find the lice and/or nits?

Answer 29

Lice or nits (eggs) on hair shaft near the root, behind ears, and/or nape of the neck

Question 30

Treatment for lice?

Answer 30

Permethrin shampoo and comb out nits

Treat linen, clothes, and stuffed animals

Question 31

What are scabies?

Answer 31

Infestation of mites that burrow under the skin and lay eggs. Usually at creases and in a line.

May be 4-6 weeks before symptoms

Small red bumps with intense itching

Contagious through close contact

Question 32

How to treat scabies?

Answer 32

Permethrin lotion/cream

Treat the whole family

Wash linens

Question 33

What is atopic dermatitis?

Answer 33

Eczema

Dry, red, scaly, and itchy skin

Comes and goes

Associated with allergies

Correlation with asthma

Question 34

Treatment for eczema?

Answer 34

Moisturizing creams

Gentle cleansers

Steroids

Antibiotics

Short fingernails

Question 35

What is contact diaper dermatitis?

Answer 35

Reaction to skin irritants (may not be allergy)

Red and shiny (may blister)

On buttocks, thigh and abdomen

Not in creases

Question 36

What is candida diaper dermatitis?

Answer 36

Yeast

Deep red patches, often raised

Satellite lesions

Will occur in creases

Can occur anywhere along with G.I. tract

Question 37

Treatment for diaper dermatitis

Answer 37

Keep area dry (go without diaper for a while)

Frequent diaper changes

Ointments (barrier cream and/or zinc for contact, and nystatin for candida)

Cool compresses

Gentle cleansing

Question 38

What would you see when examining candida dermatitis?

Answer 38

Beefy red rash involving skin folds with satellite lesions