Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds Exam 3 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

When does the GI system develop?

A

At 8 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What about the GI system is immature at birth?

A

Absorption and excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is oral aversion?

A

There is no inclination to eat. They don’t realize that the month is for food, so when you put something in their mouth they spit it out or pull it out.

After 6 weeks, loss of sucking involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is it likely for an infant to get GERD?

A

The sphincter at the top of the gastric esophageal sphincter is immature (doesn’t close all the way)

Stomach lays sideways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the stomach capacity for a newborn?

A

20 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the stomach capacity for a 1 month old?

A

90 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the stomach capacity for a 1 year old?

A

360 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much does a baby grow from birth to 6 months?

A

A baby might grow 1/2 to 1 inch (about 1.5 - 2.5 cm) a month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much does a baby gain from birth to 6 months?

A

5-7 oz (about 140 - 200g) a week

Expect baby to double birth weight by about 5 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much does a baby grow from 6 to 12 months?

A

A baby might free 3/8 inch (about 1 cm) a month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much does a baby gain from 6 to 12 months?

A

3 - 5 oz (about 85-140 grams) a week.

Expect baby to triple birth weight by about 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the teething rule of 6?

A

1st erupt at 6 months

1 year = 6 teeth

Lose teeth at 6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is gastroschisis and omphalocele?

A

The intestines are on the outside of the body (herniation of the intestines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele

A

Omphalocele - the intestines are encased within the umbilical wall

Gastroschisis - the intestines are lose and just hanging out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which one is worse gastroschisis or omphalocele

A

Gastroscisis because intestines are outside of abdomen and not encased. Meaning they are exposed to amniotic fluid which leads to inflammation or obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you treat gastroschisis pre operative?

A

Keep intestines moist, sterile and safe!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the main types of hernias

A

Umbilical

Inguinal

Incarcerated

Diaphragmatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common hernia we see in kids and what is it?

A

Inguinal- these don’t close on its own. The repair is usually done at 1-2 months of age surgically. More common in males.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most uncommon type of hernia?

A

Diaphragmatic - needs surgical correction. Barrel shaped chest and sunken abdomen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an imperforate anus?

A

Anus and rectum do not develop properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the nursing care for children with a cleft lip or cleft palate?

A

Develop a good seal on the nipple whether that is moms breast or the bottle

Provide adequate nutrition and prevent aspiration and infection (otitis media)

Feed slowly

Burp frequently because swallowing large amounts of air is common

22
Q

What are the 3 Cs

A

Coughing, choking, cyanosis

Seen in tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

23
Q

What is the normal amount of bilirubin?

A

3-5x baby weight in kg

Less than 10 is what we consider ok

24
Q

What is the danger level of bilirubin?

A

Danger is over 20

And 25 or greater is when we would start blood transfusions exchange

25
What is biliary atresia?
Absence (never formed) or destruction of biliary ducts Therefore bile backs up/accumulates in the liver which damages the liver and it could kill the liver
26
What is hirchsprung disease?
Piece of the colon that does not have ganglion cells so peristalsis does not work there. So instead of the stool going though, it just stays there and it gets bigger and bigger because it doesn’t have any way of keeping it moving down.
27
When do we normally see hirschsprung disease?
In infancy because they never pass their meconium in the first 24-48 hours
28
How does hirschsprung disease present in older children?
Constipation ** ribbon like and foul smelling stools Abdominal distention Palpable fecal masses Poorly nourished Lethargic, nauseated, anorexic
29
What does NEC stand for?
Necrotizing (death) entero (intestines) colitis (inflammation of colon)
30
What causes NEC?
Intestinal tissues are somehow weakened by too little oxygen or blood flow Mostly occurs in neonates.. preemies especially!
31
What can NEC cause?
Perforation (hole) in the intestines Scarring or strictures (narrowing) of the intestines Problems with food absorption, if large amounts of intestine must be removed Severe, overwhelming infection
32
What are symptoms of NEC?
Fever, foul smelling and or blood diarrhea Abdominal distention (bloating or swelling). The abdomen is so enlarged the skin is actually shiny
33
What is meckel diverticulitis
A small pouch in the wall of the intestine, near the junction of the small and large intestines, which produces acid Acid irritates the intestinal lining causing ulceration which can bleed
34
Signs of meckel diverticulitis
Passing painless large amounts of blood in their stool (brick coloured, jelly like) possibly causing anemia
35
What are the symptoms of appendicitis?
Abdominal pain that begins around the belly button and moves to the right lower side of the abdomen. The pain typically increases when walking, jumping or coughing, and usually worsens as time goes on. Fever which increases with perforation N/V Diarrhea
36
What is the pain location in appendicitis?
McBurney point
37
What causes appendicitis?
Blockage of the appendix caused by hard mucus or stool, a foreign body, or virus The blockage causes the appendix to swell and become inflamed
38
What could happen if the appendix swells and the infection is left untreated?
It can perforate, causing the contents of the appendix to be released into the abdominal cavity and develop peritonitis
39
What does it mean when the pain in appendicitis goes away?
That it perforated
40
What is pyloric stenosis?
Thickening of the muscle of the pylorus, causing constriction and subsequent obstruction of pyloric channel.
41
How does pyloric stenosis presents?
Occurs in the first few weeks of life and is more common in first born males Presents with projectile vomiting Olive shaped mass may sometimes be palpated May see visible peristalsis
42
What is intussusception?
A portion of the intestine folds like a telescope, with one segment slipping inside another segment
43
How does intussusception present?
Sudden onset of intermittent abdominal pain Stools may resemble currant jelly Sausage shaped mass in RUQ of abdomen
44
What is malrotation
Malrotation is due to abnormal rotation around the superior mesenteric artery during embryonic development Trinkas words- malrotation happens when the intestines accidentally wrap around the Ladds bands which are the bands that connect your intestines to the abdomen
45
What is a volvulus
Occurs when intestine is twisted around itself and compromises blood supplied to intestines May cause intestinal perforation, peritonitis, necrosis, and death
46
What are the 3 types of ostomies?
Colostomy- stoma is formed from the large intestine Ileostomy- a stoma is formed from the small intestine Urostomy- stoma is formed from the urinary tract
47
What is celiac disease?
Malabsorption disorder of proximal small intestine, consisting of abnormal mucosa, and intolerance to gluten
48
What are the symptoms of celiac disease?
Intolerance to gluten Individuals are unable to digest the gliadin component of gluten, causing damage to mucosal cells
49
What are the big three to avoid in celiac disease?
Must avoid wheat, barley, rye
50
What are the 2 types of malnutrition
Kwashiorkor- deficient in protein Marasmus- deficient in protein and calories

Peds Exam 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions