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Estetisian test > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

How long and how heavy is the skin?

A

3000sq.inch. And 6 to 9 pounds.

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2
Q

Dorsal skin

A

is on the back of the hand or foot

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3
Q

volar skin

A

on the palm or sole of the foot

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4
Q

2 m a i n d i v i s i o n s of the skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
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5
Q

Epidermis

A

is the outermost and thinnest
layer of the skin. It contains no blood vessels
but has many small nerve endings.

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6
Q

dermis

A

is the underlying or inner layer of
the skin. = derma= corium = cutis = true skin.
This highly sensitive layer of connective tissue
is about 25 times thicker than the epidermis.
Within its structure, there are numerous blood
vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, etc

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7
Q

Epidermis layer: Stratum germinativum = basal cell layer = living
layer of epidermis

A
  • Responsible for the growth, new
    cells of epidermis.
  • Has melanocytes (dark skin pigment
    melanin
    – skin color and protect deeper layer)
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8
Q

Epidermis layer: Stratum spinosum – spiny layer

A

when the process of
shedding begins

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9
Q

Epidermis layer: Stratum granulosum=granular layer

A

cell dying here

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10
Q

Epidermis layer: Stratum lucidum

A

clear, transparent layer just under
the skin surface. Through these cells the light can pass.

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11
Q

Epidermis layer Stratum corneum=horny layer

A
  • we see this layer,
  • scale like cells continually being shed and replaced
  • protect and water-resist
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12
Q

Dermis layer: Papillary

A

(under the epidermis)
papillae (elastic tissue); some have looped
capillaries; some – tactile corpuscles.
Contains melanocytes

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13
Q

Dermis layer: Reticular

A

(supplies the skin with
oxygen and nutrients). Fat cells, sweat
glands, blood vessels, hair follicles, lymph
vessels, arrector pili muscles – goose
bumps, oil glands, nerve endings

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14
Q

Pheomelanin

A

(red to yellow)

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15
Q

Eumelanin

A

(dark brown to black)

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16
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous protein that
gives the skin form
and strength.
(wrinkles)

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17
Q

Elastin

A

A protein gives the
skin flexibility and
elasticity (regain the
shape after stretching
or expanding)

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18
Q

Oil glands

A

sebaceous glands

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19
Q

Sweat glands

A

sudoriferous glands

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20
Q

UVA

A

deeper than visible light, tan

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21
Q

UVB

A

not so
deep, sunburns and vitamin D

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22
Q

Vitiligo skin condition

A

Irregular shaped patches of skin depigmentation(hands, face and neck)

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23
Q

Milia

A

White heads

epidermal cysts

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24
Q

Chloasma

A

Patchy brown skin discoloration, often resume if hormonal changes pregnancy

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25
Q

Dandruff

A

Pityriasis capitis, can result from extreme changes in temperature, as a contact reaction to certain skin and hair care products, or as an allergic reaction to certain foods; it can be oily or dry

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26
Q

Subcutaneous/ Adipose

A

The fatty layer of the skin that creates softness and suppleness, is called

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27
Q

Carbuncle

A

Contagious, puss filled abscess, generally caused by bacterial infection

Cluster if boils

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28
Q

Boil

A

Small pus filled abscess

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29
Q

Wheal

A

Swollen lesion, lasting a few hours after insect bite

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30
Q

Nevus Flameus

A

Birthmark

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31
Q

Bromhidrosis

A

Foul smelling sweat

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32
Q

Leukoderma

A

Hypo(low) pigmentation in the skin, caused by a decrease in melananocyte activity. White patches on the skin

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33
Q

Verrucas

A

Warts

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34
Q

Blister

A

Herpes simples virus 1

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35
Q

Psoriasis

A

Non contagious skin disorder, characterized by red patches covered with white silky scales
skin cells turning over faster than normal

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36
Q

Scabies

A

Contagious disease, Itch mite

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37
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Ringworm is the scalp

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38
Q

Pediculosis capitis

A

Head lice

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39
Q

In a facial, high frequency current produces germicidal effects (good for acne),but it should not be used on the skin in excess of:

A

5 min

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40
Q

Vesicle(primary lesions)

A

Small blister or sac containing clear liquid(poison ivy, chickenpox, herpes)

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41
Q

Bulla(primary lesions)

A

a large blister containing a watery fluid, similar to a vesicle but larger
(burn contact dermatitis)

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42
Q

papule(primary lesions)

A

a pimple, a small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid,
but may contain pus.
A _____ is a raised bump that is often red due to inflammation and sore due to the pressure of swelling.

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43
Q

Pustule(primary lesions)

A

an inflamed pimple containing pus

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44
Q

Cyst(primary lesions)

A

a closed , abnormally developed sac containing fluid or pus that is above or
below the skin

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45
Q

Tubercle(primary lesions)

A

an abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin larger than papule

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46
Q

Tumor(primary lesions)

A

a swelling, an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of
cells that varies in size, shape, and color

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47
Q

Crust(Secondary lesions, Structure or beneath)

A

Dead cells while healing

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48
Q

Excoriation(Secondary lesions)

A

by scratching or scraping

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49
Q

Fissure(Secondary lesions)

A

crack

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50
Q

Scar=cicatrix(Secondary lesions)

A

mark after injury

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51
Q

Scale(Secondary lesions)

A

epidermal flakes (dandruff)

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52
Q

Ulcer(Secondary lesions)

A

mucous membrane after pus and
loss of depth

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53
Q

Hematoma(Secondary lesions)

A

collection of blood = bruise

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54
Q

Anhidrosis

A

(нет потоотделения)

55
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

(повышенное потоотделение)

56
Q

Miliaria rubra

A

(потница) = prickly heat

57
Q

Disorders of sebaceous glands is

A

ACNE - chronic inflammatory skin disorder (blemishes)

58
Q

Types of Disorders of sebaceous glands: Grade 1

A

Simple non-inflammatory acne - comedones and a few papules.

59
Q

Types of Disorders of sebaceous glands: Grade 2

A

Many comedones, papules and a few pustules.

60
Q

Types of Disorders of sebaceous glands: Grade 3

A

Larger inflammatory papules, pustules and a few cysts; a more
severe form involving the face, neck and upper portions of the trunk.

61
Q

Types of Disorders of sebaceous glands: Grade 4

A

More severe, with cysts becoming confluent.

62
Q

Astringents are generally used to:

A

Contract the pores or tissues
Treat minor cuts

63
Q

Galvanic current will have what effect on the skin

A

Both Mechanical and Chemical

64
Q

High quality brushes used to fashion acrylic nails are usually made of:

A

Sable

65
Q

The blue dermal light is used to treat:

A

Oily skin

66
Q

The red dermal light is used to treat:

A

Dry skin

67
Q

The white dermal light is used to treat:

A

Normal skin

68
Q

Hard wax is generally used for:

A

Sensitive area

69
Q

In order to achieve the best waxing result, what is the optimal length of hair?

A

1/4 to 1/2 inch

70
Q

Electrotherapy may best be defined as:

A

The application of special electrical currents (or modalities) to treat the skin

71
Q

High-frequency uses _____ light:

A

Violet

72
Q

High-frequency uses _____ light:

A

Violet

73
Q

Sometimes referred to as “Bleaching of the Skin”:

A

Phoresis

74
Q

The benefits of infrared light include muscle relaxation and increased circulation.To avoid burning the client, how far should the lamp be placed from client’s skin?

A

At least 30 inches

75
Q

The benefits of infrared light include muscle relaxation and increased circulation.To avoid burning the client, how long is the recommended exposure time?

A

5 to 15 minutes

76
Q

What is the recommended exposure time for an ultra-violet germicidal treatment?

A

1 to 5 minutes

77
Q

What is the acid range of the pH Scale

A

0 – 6.9

78
Q

How many primary functions of the skin are there?

A

six

79
Q

The body releases heat through

A

perspiration

80
Q

What are capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended blood vessels?

A

telangiectasia

81
Q

What are cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins?

A

fibroblasts

82
Q

What are dermal papillae?

A

membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis

83
Q

What are sweat glands that are found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores and that are not attached to hair follicles?

A

eccrine glands

84
Q

What are the atoms that take electrons from compounds in the body such as proteins, lipids, or DNA, which destabilizes and oxidizes the once-healthy molecules?

A

Free radicals

85
Q

What are the lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation?

A

intercellular matrix

86
Q

What are the structures that assist in holding cells together?

A

desmosomes

87
Q

What function does the epidermal growth factor (EGF) hormone perform?

A

stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

88
Q

What function does the subcutaneous layer perform?

A

provides a protective cushion and energy storage for the body

89
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

cluster of boils

90
Q

What is a common form of eczema that mainly affects oily areas and that is characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching?

A

seborrheic dermatitis

91
Q

What is a keloid?

A

thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen)

92
Q

What is a deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment?

A

anhidrosis

93
Q

What is a macule?

A

flat spot or discoloration of the skin

94
Q

What is a mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle?

A

comedone

95
Q

What is a small, yellow-brown spots on the skin?

A

lentigo

96
Q

What is an inflammation of the hair follicles?

A

folliculitis

97
Q

What is dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure?

A

asteatosis

98
Q

What is the average pH of the acid mantle?

A

5,5

99
Q

What is the body’s average internal temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit?

A

98.6

100
Q

stain

A

A _____ is an abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape.

101
Q

A _____ is characterized by a pile of material on the skin surface or a depression in the skin surface.

A

secondary lesion

102
Q

A closed comedo is also known as a:

A

whitehead

103
Q

A solid bump larger than 1 centimeter that can be easily felt is called a:

A

nodule

104
Q

A(n) _____ is a lesion that is a different color than the color of the skin.

A

primary lesion

105
Q

A(n) _____ product is one that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.

A

noncomedogenic

106
Q

Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear under the epidermis and have no visible opening are:

A

milia

107
Q

Cicatrix is another name for a(n):

A

skar

108
Q

Normally, how many pints of salt-containing liquids are eliminated daily through sweat pores in the skin?

A

1 to 2

109
Q

What term refers to coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat?

A

apocrine glands

110
Q

What term refers to swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection?

A

edema

111
Q

What is the technical term for hyperpigmentation?

A

melanosis

112
Q

What is the technical term for razor bumps?

A

pseudofolliculitis

113
Q

What is the technical term for the contagious infection also known as ringworm?

A

tinea corporis

114
Q

What are the glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function?

A

Ceramides

115
Q

What function do Langerhans immune cells perform?

A

guard cells of the immune system that sense foreign invaders

116
Q

What function do t-cells perform?

A

identify molecules that have foreign peptides

117
Q

What is a tumor?

A

large nodule

118
Q

What is redness caused by inflammation?

A

erythema

119
Q

What is seborrhea?

A

severe oiliness of the skin

120
Q

What is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures?

A

glycation

121
Q

What are the characteristics of tinea?

A

Silvery-white scales

122
Q

With both chemical and germicidal effects, White and Blue lights are considered:

A

Penetrating

123
Q

PH of Exfoliating creams

A

alkaline

124
Q

These warts, caused by the HPV Virus, are flat, hard, thick growths, usually occurring on the soles of the feet and sometimes look like a circle within a circle

A

plantar warts

125
Q

Because of its germicidal effect, high frequency may be useful in the treatment of:

A

Acne

126
Q

PH of Astringents usually:

A

Acid

127
Q

Negative Galvanic current would have what effect on the skin?

A

Alkaline

128
Q

An abscess, larger than a boil, best describes a:

A

carbuncle

129
Q

Dermatitus venenata refers to this condition:

A

A positive P.D. Test with inflamed skin

130
Q

H2O2 has a pH of approximately:

A

3.5 - 4.0

131
Q

Lanolin, a common ingredient in beauty products, is made from:

A

Sheep’s wool

132
Q

Lintigines are more commonly known as:

A

Freckles

133
Q

Trichology refers to the:

A

study of hair

Estetisian test (6 decks)

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