Skin

Question 1

Exocrine glands

Answer 1

Exocrine glands are glands that secrete substances onto a surface such as the skin, but not into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Holocrine secretion

Answer 2

Holocrine secretion is a method characterized by the purposeful self-destruction of the sebaceous gland’s primary cellular unit, the sebocyte, in order to produce sebum.

Question 3

Keratinocyte

Answer 3

Keratinocytes are the primary cell type found in the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. They produce keratin, a protein that provides strength and protection to the skin, hair, and nails. As keratinocytes mature, they move from the basal layer of the epidermis toward the surface, becoming flattened and eventually shedding off in a process known as desquamation.

Question 4

Mast cells

Answer 4

Mast cells are a type of white blood cell residing in various tissues, predominantly in connective tissues and near blood vessels and nerves, playing a central role in immune responses. They contain granules rich in histamine and heparin and are involved in the inflammatory response, where they release these and other mediators in response to pathogens and allergens. While they are crucial in defending against pathogens, their activation can also contribute to allergic reactions and chronic inflammatory diseases.throughout the body.

Question 5

Sebocytes

Answer 5

Sebocytes are sebum-producing epithelial cells within the sebaceous gland.

Question 6

Stratum corneum

Answer 6

The stratum corneum is the top layer of the epidermis.

Question 7

Triglyceride

Answer 7

Triglyceride is the most common type of fat in the body.

Question 8

Acne

Answer 8

A skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples.

Question 9

Sebum

Answer 9

An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps keep the skin moisturized but can contribute to acne when produced in excess.

Question 10

Comedones

Answer 10

Non-inflammatory acne lesions that can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads) and are caused by the clogging of pores.

Question 11

Papules

Answer 11

Small, raised, red bumps that may feel tender or painful, representing an inflammatory form of acne.

Question 12

Pustules

Answer 12

Papules with pus at their tips, often seen as white or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface.

Question 13

Nodules

Answer 13

Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin, formed when clogged hair follicles become inflamed or infected.

Question 14

Cysts

Answer 14

Deep, painful, pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring, representing the most severe form of acne.

Question 15

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 15

Glands located within the skin that produce sebum, playing a crucial role in maintaining skin moisture and health.

Question 16

Keratinocytes

Answer 16

The predominant cell type in the epidermis, responsible for producing keratin, a protein that gives skin its strength and resilience.

Question 17

Epidermis

Answer 17

The outermost layer of skin, providing a waterproof barrier and creating our skin tone.

Question 18

Dermis

Answer 18

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

Question 19

Hypodermis

Answer 19

A layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis that contains larger blood vessels and nerves, providing insulation and cushioning for the skin.

Question 20

How is sebum produced?

Answer 20

The production of sebum is regulated by hormonal signals, especially androgens like testosterone, which increase the size and activity of sebaceous glands. This process starts in the sebaceous gland with the synthesis of sebum components from cells called sebocytes. As sebocytes mature, they fill up with sebum and eventually burst, releasing their contents into the hair follicle, from where sebum is distributed over the hair and skin surface.