Skin Flashcards
What is keratin?
A protien that provides skin with waterproofing properties
What is the combining form if keratin?
Kerat/o
What’s the other name for dermis?
Corium
What is perception?
The ability to recognize sensory stimuli
What us tactile perception?
The ability to recognize touch sensation
Define fibroblast
Fiber producing cells. I.e. Collagen
Define collagen
Tough, flexible, fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
What does the integumentary system consist of?
Skin and appendages (appendages includes glands, hair, fur, wool, feathers, hooves, nails…)
What do sebaceous glands secrete?
Sebum
What are ductules
Ducts
Why are sebaceous glands considered holocrine glands?
Because the secreting cells and their secretions make up the discharge produced
What are, and where are sudoriferous glands?
Sweat glands. They’re located in the dermis
What are sudoriferous glands divided into?
Eccrine glands (produce and secrete water, salt or sweat) and apocrine glands (secrete odorous substances into hair follicles)
Define hidrosis
Excess production of sweat
What is the combining form of sweat?
Hidr/o
What do anhidrosis and hyperhidrosis mean?
Anhidrosis is abnormal reduction of sweating
Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating
What are ceruminous glands?
Modified sweat glands in the ear cabal which secrete cerumen (earwax)
What are the combining forms for hair?
Pil/i
Pil/o
Trich/o
What is the hair shaft composed of?
Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla
What are hair follicles
Tubes that hold hair fibers
What are arrector pili
Tiny muscles attached to the hair follicle which cause the hair to stand
What is piloerection
Hair standing straight up
Compare fur to pelt
Fur is short, fine soft hair
Pelt is skin in addition to fur or hair
What are guard hairs
Primary hair/topcoat
Long, straight, stiff hairs that form thr outer coat
What are secondary hairs
The undercoat. Fine, soft wavy hair.
Includes wool
What are tactile hair
Vibrissae
Long brittle sensitive hair usually located on the face
What are cilia
Thin, short hairs
Ex. Eyelashes
What is simple pattern hair growth
Guard hairs that grow from seperate follicular openings, as in cattle
What is compound pattern hair growth
Multiple guard hairs that grow from single follicles, as in dogs
What is shedding
Normal hair loss caused by temperature, hormones, photoperiod (light), nutrition and other nondisease causes
Where are walls normally located
Normally located dorsal and lateral to the distal phalanx
Where are soles normally located
Normally located ventral to the distal phalanx and usually is flaky
What are foot pads
Tori. Provides cushioning and protection for the bones of the foot
Where are digital pads normally located on cats and dogs
On the Palmar and plantar surfaces
Where are metacarpal and metatarsal pads located
On the Palmar and plantar surfaces of the metatarsal areas respectively
Where are carpal pads located
On the carpus
What does -grade mean?
To go
Why ate dogs and cats called digitigrade animals
Because they walk with their toes, with only digital and metacarpal and metatarsal pads making contact with the ground
What is quick
Connective tissue beneath the wall and sole of nails and claws which contain numerous blood vessels and nerve endings
What is quickening
Trimming the nail or claw to the level of the dermis
What us the combining form for claw
Onych/o
What ate ungulates
Hooved animals such as equine, ruminants and swine
What is the combining form of hoof
Ungul/o
Define corium
The dermis of the hoof, located under the epidermal surfaces of the hoof wall, sole and frog. Corresponds to quick
What are dewclaws
Rudimentary bones
What are chestnuts and ergots
Chestnuts are found on equine and are the same as carpal pads on dogs.
Ergots are on equine and correspond to metacarpal and metatarsal pads on dogs
What does the word biopsy break down into
Bi/o (life)
-opsy (view of)
What’s the difference between incisional and excisional
Incision is to cut into tissue
Excision is to cut out of tissue
What is the difference between horns and antlers
Horns are permanent
Antlers grow back
What is a polled animal
Animal breeds which ate normally hornless
Define culture
Diagnostic or research procedure used to allow microbes to reproduce in predetermined media
What does exfoliative mean
Falling off
Define abrasion
Injury in which superficial layers are scraped
What is caseous
A way to describe the pus from an abscess. Cheese-like
What do clogged sebaceous glands cause
Acne
What does alopec/o mean
Baldness
Define atopy
Hypersensitivity reaction in animals involving puritis with secondary dermatitis. Allergies.
Define bullae, or bulla
Multiple or singular skin elevations filled with fluid that are greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
Define carbuncle
A cluster of furuncles. Which is a localized skin infection in a gland or hair follicles. Aka a boil.
What is the combining form for cancerous
Carcin/o
Define cellulitis
Inflammation of connective tissue
Define comedo
Blackhead or buildup of sebum and keratin in a pore.
Define contusion
Injury that does not break the skin
Define crust
Collection of dried sebum and cellular debris
Define cyst
Closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
Define dermatocellulitis
Inflammation of skin and connective tissue
Define ecchymosis
Bruise
Define ecthyma
Skin infection with shallow eruptions caused by pox virus. Aka soremouth
Eczema
General term for inflammatory skin disease
Define erythema
Skin redness
What are the combining forms of red
Erythr/o
Erythem/o
Erythrmat/o
Define exanthema
Cutaneous rash caused by fever
Define excoriation
Skin surface injury caused by self trauma
Define fissure
Crack like sore
Define fistula
Abnormal passage from internal organ to the body surface or between two organs
What is the root word for tube or pipe
Fistul/o
Define wheal
A smooth, slightly elevated swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin. Usually accompanied by itching
Define gangrene
Necrosis associated with loss of circulation
Define putrefaction
Decay that produces a foul smelling odor
Define granuloma
Small area of healing tissue
Define hemangioma
Benign tumor composed of newly formed blood vessels
Define hyperkeratosis
Abnormal condition of increased growth of the horny layer of the skin
Define pediculosis
Lice infestation
Define mange
Common term for skin disease caused by mites
Define chiggers
Infestation of mite larvae causing severe puritis
Define laceration
Accidental cut into the skin
Define lesion
Pathological change of tissue used to describe abnormalities in many locations
Lipoma
Fatty tumor
Define macule
Flat, discolored lesion, less that 1cm diameter
Define nodule
Small knot protruding above the skin
Define papilloma
Benign epithelial growth that is lobed
What’s the root word for nipplelike
Papill/o
Papill/i
Define papule
Small, raised skin lesion less than 0.5cm diameter
Define paronychia
Bacterial or viral infection of the claw
Define patch
Localized skin color change greater than 1 CM in diameter
Define petechiae
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
Define polyp
Growth in mucous membranes
What are the two types of purpura
Ecchymosis and petechia
What’s the root word for pus
Py/o
Define pyoderma
Skin disease containing pus
Define sarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of soft tissue arising from connective tissue
What is the combining form of flesh, or malignancy of connective tissue
Sarc/o
What does cicatrix or cicatrices mean
Scar
What is a sebaceous cyst
Closed sac of yellow fatty material
Define seborrhea
Skin condition characterized by overproduction of sebum (oil)
Define ulcer
Erosion of skin or mucous membrane
What’s the other word for decubital ulcer
Bedsores
Define urticaria
Hives. Localized areas of swelling
Define verrucae
Warts
Define supperation
The process of pus forming
Define cauterization
Destruction using electric current, heat, or chemicals
Define cryosurgery
Destruction of tissue using extreme cold
Define debridement
Removal or tissue and foreign material to aid healing
Define lance
To open or pierce with a lancet to allow drainage
Define laser
Device that transfers light into an intense beam for various purposes.
