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CTO 4 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

layers of epidermis

A

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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2
Q

layers of dermis

A

papillary dermis, reticular dermis

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3
Q

stratum corneum (3 functions)

A

barrier, resist abrasion (squamous cells), waterproofing (lamellar bodies = caulking b/t cells)

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4
Q

stratum granulosum

A

deep to stratum corneum; contains cytoplasmic keratohyaline granules (incl. filaggrin)

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5
Q

filaggrin

A

a type of keratohyaline granule found in stratum granulosum; facilitates organization of keratin intermediate filaments - important for transition to anucleate cells of overlying stratum corneum

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6
Q

stratum spinosum

A

cell types = keratinocyes and langerhans cells; keratinocytes attached to eachother w/ desmosomes;

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7
Q

acantholysis

A

diseases where spinous cells lose desmosomal attachments, separate from eachother

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8
Q

acanthosis

A

thickening of spinous layer

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9
Q

stratum basale

A

cell types = keratinocytes and merkel cells; keratinocytes have a uniform size and shape with less cytoplasm than overlying cells; cap of melanin over this layer to protect DNA from UV light

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10
Q

How long does maturation take from bottom to top of epidermis?

A

30 days

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11
Q

3 important components of dermis

A

(1) fibroblasts: synth collagen and elastic fibers, (2) collagen, (3) elastic fibers

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12
Q

papillary dermis

A

top layer of dermis; thin layer underneath epidermis, consists of delicate collagen fibers

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13
Q

reticular dermis

A

deep to papillary dermis; contains thick collagen bundles in net-like pattern; superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular plexus

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14
Q

vascular plexus in reticular dermin

A

(1) superficial: @ junction b/t papillary dermis and reticular dermis, (2) deep: b/t dermis and underlying subcutis

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15
Q

subcutis

A

contains adipose; richly vascular; divided into lobules by fibrous “septa” (collagenous extensions from overlying dermis)

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16
Q

where are the dermal papillae protrusions longest?

A

places with a lot of shear force (palms and soles of foot)

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17
Q

rete ridges

A

on border of dermis and epidermis - for withstanding shear force (architectural feature of stratum basale)

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18
Q

psoriasis

A

stratum corneum doesn’t come off fast enough -> thickened stratum corneum

19
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common malignancy, occurring in stratum basale

20
Q

stratum basale basal cells

A

basal cell has desmosomes and hemidesmosomes to maintain the integrity of epidermis; gives rise to keritinocytes above it (replacing sloughed cells)

21
Q

melanocytes location and structure

A

in epidermis; have hemidesmosomes but not desmosomes to keratinocytes

22
Q

origin of melanocytes

A

neural crest cells

23
Q

function of melanocytes

A

make melanin, transfer it to basal keratinocytes

24
Q

melanosomes

A

brown bodies in melanocytes; skin color based on number of melanosomes, not melanocytes

25
Q

langerhans cell structure

A

in epidermis (stratum spinosum); cytoplasm has birbeck granules; no desmosomal attachments to keratinocytes

26
Q

origin of langerhans cells

A

bone marrow

27
Q

function of langerhans cells

A

intraepidermal antigen-presenting cell

28
Q

neural structures in skin

A

meissners corpuscle, merkel ending, pacinian corpuscle

29
Q

meissners corpuscle

A

messy nerve ending; senses light touch; located in acral skin

30
Q

merkel ending

A

in basal layer of epidermis; nerves come through basement membrane to touch the merkel cells, which provide a neural function

31
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A

circular lamella; present in skin that senses pressure and vibration

32
Q

skin appendages (3)

A

Hair, glands, nails

33
Q

Hair cycle

A

anagen (growing) –> catagen (involuting) –> telogen (resting)

34
Q

hair follicle

A

epithelial portion that supports growth of hair shaft

35
Q

where does hair color come from?

A

melanocytes donate melanin to hair shaft

36
Q

types of glands related to skin appendages

A

(1) sebaceous (2) eccrine (sweat) (3) apocrine (scent)

37
Q

function of subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

A

insulation, energy reserve, mechanical cushion

38
Q

sebaceous gland

A

for lubrication; found on hair-bearing skin, increased density on face, empties into hair follicle, lipid-producing sebocytes

39
Q

what type of secretion is involved for sebaceous glands?

A

holocrine

40
Q

eccrine glands

A

sweat glands for temp regulation; coiled gland; Na/K ATPase pumps in duct lining to resorb Na+

41
Q

acrosynringium

A

extension of eccrine gland to skin surface

42
Q

apocrine glands

A

for scent (i.e. pheromones); axillary and perineal; larger gland and acini than eccrine sweat gland; odorless secretion - converted to odor by bacteria on skin

43
Q

where are nails formed

A

at base of nail bed (matrix)

CTO 4 (4 decks)

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