Skin Flashcards
Measles
Presentation:
- Generally unwell with cough, coryza, irritability, fever
- Affects mucosal surfaces - conjunctivitis, Koplik’s spots
- Maculopapular rash appears a few days later - starting behind the ears
Investigations:
- Throat swab
Management:
- Supportive
- Notifiable disease
Complications of measles
Most common - otitis media
Most common cause of death - pneumonia
Encephalitis/meningitis
Rubella presentation and pregnancy
German measles. Can cause congenital rubella syndrome if exposed during first 8-10 weeks.
Presentation:
- Mild febrile illness
- Macular rash
- Lymphadenopathy - sub occipital and post auricular
Investigation:
- IgM antibodies (if mother suspects exposure)
Management:
- Avoid people with it!
Parvovirus
Presentation:
- Mild illness with low-grade fever
- Slapped cheeks - actually not infectious at this point
Complications of parvovirus
Aplastic anaemia - if have haemolytic anaemia
Hydrops faetalis - if exposed within first 20 weeks, need to check maternal IgM and IgG
Roseola
Caused by HHV 6/7
Presentation:
- High fever for 3-5 days
- Then sudden rose pink macular rash and the fever goes
Complications of roseola
Febrile convulsion
Group A Strep
Scarlet fever
Presentation:
- Common in age 2 - 6 years
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Strawberry tongue
- Sandpaper rash
Investigations:
- Throat swab
Management:
- Antibiotics - penicillin V for 10 days (azithromycin if allergic)
- Notifiable disease
Complications of group A strep
Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Glomerular nephritis
Eczema herpeticum
Presentation:
- Vesicular rash in kids with eczema
Investigation:
??
Management:
- IV aciclovir
Chickenpox
Presentation:
- Onset 14-17 days after exposure
- Fever then itchy rash - starts as macule, then vesicle, then crusting
Investigation:
- Clinical diagnosis
Management:
- Supportive
- Give immunoglobulins to exposed contacts who are immunosupressed
Complications of chickenpox
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
Giving NSAIDs can increase risk of necrotising faciitis
Glandular fever
Presentation:
- Sore throat
- Lymphadenopathy
Investigation:
- Monospot test
- Blood film - shows atypical lymphocytes - cytotoxic T cells with a bean shaped nucleus
Management:
- Supportive
Rash with glandular fever
Get a maculopapular with penicillin antibiotics
Kawasaki
Vasculitis usually in under 5s
Presentation:
- High grade, resistant fever for more than 5 days
- Conjunctivitis
- Red lips
- Strawberry tongue
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Red, peeling hands and feet
Management:
- High dose aspirin
- IV immunoglobulin
