Skin

Question 1

epidermis summary

Answer 1

produces vitamin D
contains living and dead cells
provides barrier to external environment
responsible for skin pigmentation
protects skin from UV damage
contains antigen presenting cells
doesnt contain blood vessels

Question 2

dermis summary

Answer 2

main location of sensory nerves
contains small muscles
contains sebaceous glands
contains glands that help with thermoregulation
contains hair follicles
contains adipose tissue

Question 3

hypodermis

Answer 3

contains adipose tissue

Question 4

skin epithelium

Answer 4

keratinised stratified squamous

Question 5

layers of epidermis in skin from deep to superficial

Answer 5

stratum basale betroots
stratum spinosum soil
stratum granulosum glows
stratum lucidum lovely
stratum corneum colours

Question 6

stratum basale

Answer 6

Mitotic activity going on, cells are cuboidal/columnar and basophilic. Cells move upwards.

Question 7

stratum spinosum

Answer 7

Thickest layers, cells are polyhedral shaped cells with centrally located nucleus Langerhans cells present.

Question 8

straum granulosum

Answer 8

3 – 5 layers, shape of cells is flat, stain basophilic (purple) because of keratohyaline granules (have proteinous material in them) in them that help with keratinisation.

Question 9

stratum lucidum

Answer 9

translucent (eosinophilic) (only present in thick skin)

Question 10

stratum corneum

Answer 10

horny layer with dead keratinocytes + enucleated (which originated in basale and have migrated all this way up) – you lose that skin layer/desquamate – this layer is replenished every few weeks.

Question 11

melanocyte

Answer 11

skin pigment, produces melanin and UV ray protection

Question 12

langerhans

Answer 12

antigen presenting cells

Question 13

merkel sensory receptor

Answer 13

light touch stimulus

Question 14

dermis layers

Answer 14

Papillary layer contains small blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and the sensory receptors, Meissner’s corpuscles.

Reticular layer contains larger nerves and blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and the sensory receptors, Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini end organs.

Question 15

merocrine gland

Answer 15

sweat, predominant in most areas, thin secretion (exocytosis/secretory vesicle going out, cell intact)

Question 16

apocrine gland

Answer 16

sweat, only in axillary and pubic areas, thick secretion (part of cells leaves with the secretory vesicle – hence thicker secretions)

Question 17

sebaceous/holocrine gland

Answer 17

sebum, the whole cell detached and goes out with the vesicle – hence sebum is thick. spindle cell shape and stratified cuboidal glandular epithelium

Question 18

ruffini sensory receptor

Answer 18

touch and pressure

Question 19

pacinian sensory receptor

Answer 19

vibration and pressure, onion, in dermis and hypodermis

Question 20

meissners sensory receptors

Answer 20

light touch, bulb, found in papillary dermis

Question 21

krause end bulb sensory receptors

Answer 21

low frequency vibration

Question 22

Enterocytes

Answer 22

Absorb water and electrolytes

Question 23

Tuft cells

Answer 23

Antimicrobial defence

Question 24

Goblet cells

Answer 24

Secrete mucous
Don’t take up h and e stain so appear colourless