Respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting vs respiratory airway

A

Conducting airway
• Nose→terminal bronchioles (in lungs)
• Filters, warms and moistens air
• more cartilage

Respiratory airway
• Respiratory bronchioles→alveoli
• Gas exchange between air and blood
• more elastic

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2
Q

Upper respiratory tract location, function and mucosa

A

Paranasal sinuses – lighten the skull weight and increase resonance in speech
Respiratory mucosa – Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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3
Q

Lower respiratory tract components

A
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4
Q

Conducting respiratory system epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium which contains:

Ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells
K cells
Underlying lamina propria

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5
Q

Roof of nasal cavity epithelium

A

Olfactory

Sustentacular cells- are believed to provide physical support, nourishment, and electrical insulation for the olfactory cells.

Bowman/olfactory glands- dissolve odoriferous particles/their secretion may act as the solvent in which odorous substances dissolve.

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6
Q

Kulchitsky (k) cells

A

Neuroendocrine cells that contain secretory granules eg. Serotonin and found in psuedostratified columnar epithelium

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7
Q

Mucociliary clearance

A

Pathogens trapped in mucus
Cilia beat in unidirectional fashion to clear mucus towards the pharynx

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8
Q

Trachea schematic

A
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9
Q

Blood air barrier

A

Made up of:
Alveolar epithelium
Fused basement membrane of alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium
Capillary endothelium

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10
Q

Trachea histology

A
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11
Q

Bronchus histology

A
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12
Q

Respiratory portion of bronchioles

A
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13
Q

Terminal bronchioles histology

A
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14
Q

Alveolar types

A

Type I Pneumocytes
Squamous epithelia covering 95% of alveolar surface
Form the extremely thin gaseous diffusion barrier.
Nuclei = flattened. Less likely to be seen in light microscopy

Type II Pneumocytes
60% of total alveolar cells but 5% of surface.
Produce surfactant –prevents collapse of alveoli.
Have rounded nuclei

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15
Q

Interstitial space

A

contains elastic fibres - paramount in breathing (elastic recoil), between 2 tissues or cells

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16
Q

Squamous metaplasia

A
17
Q

Bronchial tree summary

A

Red – extrapulmonary (includes nasal cavity and pharynx)
Black – Intrapulmonary
1. Layers become thinner as passageways decrease in diameter.
2. Epithelium decreases in height from pseudostratified to simple columnar to simple cuboidal to simple squamous.
3. Goblet cells and mixed glands stop relatively abruptly at the junction of a secondary bronchus with a bronchiole.
4. Cartilage decreases in size, breaks up into plates, and stops relatively abruptly at the junction of a secondary bronchus with a bronchiole.
5. Cilia are gradually eliminated.
6. Trachea bifurcates at T4