Gut Flashcards

1
Q

oesophagus epithelium and main cell type

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous. squamous cells

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2
Q

stomach epithelium and main cell type

A

simple columnar. mucous cells, parietal cells and chief cells

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3
Q

small intestine epithelium and main cell type

A

simple columnar. enterocytes, goblet cells and paneth cells

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4
Q

large intestine epithelium and main cell type

A

simple columnar. goblet cells and absorptive cells

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5
Q

rectum epithelium

A

simple columnar

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6
Q

junction epithelium

A

stratified cuboidal

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7
Q

anal canal epithelium

A

stratified squamous

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8
Q

skin around anus

A

keratinised stratified squamous

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9
Q

4 layers of the gut from deep to superior

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventita/serosa

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10
Q

mucosa

A

Mucosa- sublayers include:
epithelium (mucous production and protection),
lamina propria (capillary rich absorption and mucosa; associated lymphoid tissue aka MALT) and
muscularis mucosa (localised movements, separates mucosa from submucosa)

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11
Q

submucosa

A

Submucosa- highly vascularized: enhances nutrient absorption, assists the passage of bolus (mucous glands present), contains the submucosal (Meissner) nerve plexus: controls muscle cells and glandular secretions

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12
Q

muscularis externa

A

outer longitudinal and inner circle layer (oblique layer in stomach), function is peristaltic activity, contractions of the muscularis are generated and coordinated by the myenteric plexus.

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13
Q

adventita/serosa

A

made up of loose connective tissue (provides support and integrity, if the region of the alimentary canal is intraperitoneal, it is invested by peritoneum, and the simple squamous epithelial covering is known as the serosa . If the organ is retroperitoneal, it adheres to the connective tissue of the body wall by its dense irregular connective tissue component and is known as the adventitia. The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.

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14
Q

surface lining cell

A

manufacture hormones

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15
Q

regenerative cell

A

proliferate to replace the other cells lining the glands

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16
Q

mucous neck cell

A

secrete mucous

17
Q

oxyntic cell

A

release HCl (digestion of protein) and intrinsic factor (absorbs vitamin B12 which is important in maturation of red cells)

18
Q

zymogenic cell

A

secretes gastric lipase (fat breakdown) and pepsinogin (converted into pepsin by HCl)

19
Q

enteroendocrine cell

A

secrets hormones eg, gastrin which helps release of HCl

20
Q

identification feature of small intestine

A

paneth cells (which possess large, eosinophilic granules whose con­tents, e.g., lysozyme, digest bacterial cell walls)

21
Q

identification feature of duodenum

A

Brunner’s glands (branched, tubuloalveolar glands whose secretory portions resemble mucous acini and whose ducts penetrate the muscularis mucosae, pierce the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn (or occasionally into the intervillar spaces) to deliver their secretory product into the lumen of the duodenum. Brunner glands secrete a mucous, alkaline fluid in response to parasympathetic stimulation)

22
Q

identification feature of ileum

A

Peyer’s patches (lymphoid aggregated nodules)

23
Q

identification feature of oesophagus

A

submucosal glands

24
Q

identification feature of colon and rectum

A

taeniae coli

25
Q

identification feature of appendix

A

prominent lymphoid tissue

26
Q

identification of anus

A

columns of morgani