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6. SUGAR > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

What is the epidermis made up of?

A 
Stratum:
Corneum (outermost)
Lucidium
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basal (innermost)
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3
Q

What is the outer most layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

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4
Q

What is the stratum corneum made up of?

A

Corneo desmosomes

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5
Q

Which diseases see:
Increased no of corneo desmosomes?
Decreased no of corneo desmosomes?

A

Psoriasis-thickening of corneum

Atopic eczema-thinning of corneum (increased risk of inflammation)

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6
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

Thick fibrous + elastic tissue

Strength and flexibility

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7
Q

What is the hypodermis made up of?

A

Fatty connective tissue

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8
Q

What are some functions of the skin?

A 
Protection against UV
Protection against trauma
Barrier to infection 
Vitamin D synthesis 
Thermoregulation
Regulate H2O loss
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9
Q

Protection against UVB
What cells protect against UV?
What do these cells produce?
Where are the products of the cell stored?

A

Melanocytes
Melanin
Stored in adjacent cells (in melanosomes-vesicles)

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10
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Give skin pigment

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of melanin?

A

Eumelanin - black/brown

Pheumelanin - red/orange

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12
Q

What happens when you tan?

A

More melanin produce when exposed to more UVB

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13
Q

Number of melanocytes=

Conc of melanin they produce=

A

Same

Different

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14
Q

Vitamin D synthesis

What Happens in the skin?

A

UVB cleaves 7-dehydrocholesterol —-> cholecalciferol (D3) in skin

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15
Q

D3 from here and D2 from where is processed where?

A

D3 from skin and D2 from diet and supplements processed in liver

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16
Q

What happens in regards to vitamin D in the liver?

A

25-OH D3 In liver —-> 1,25 diOH (D2) in kidneys

17
Q

What is the pH of skin?

A

5 to 5.5

18
Q

What are corneocytes filled with?

A

NMF

Natural moisturizing factor

19
Q

What does NMF do?

A

Helps maintain skins hydration, keep H2O inside skin

Also maintains acidic environment at the outer surface of the stratum corneum

20
Q

What 2 substances produce NMF?

A

Profillagrin —-> fillagrin —-> NMF

21
Q

What is desquamation?

A

Shedding dead skin cells by degrading corneo desmosomes under protease enzymes

Balance basal cell production and removal

22
Q

What pH of skin is 5.5 which allows?

A

Proteases to remain on the skin, thereby enabling the balance of new cells from basal layer

23
Q

Acidic pH inhibits….

A

Degratory proteases

Protects corneo desmosomes

24
Q

What does the lipid lamellae do?

A

Keeps water inside the skin cells

25
Q

What does the lipid lamella make irritants and allergens do?

A

Bounce off surface of skin

26
Q

Acidic pH increases lipid…..

A

Delivery and processing, produce lipid lamella

6. SUGAR (14 decks)

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