skills exam 1

Question 1

What is health as defined by the WHO?

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 2

a pyramid used to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs. From the bottom to the top: physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self esteem, and self actualization

Question 3

What does ABCs stand for and what does it mean?

Answer 3

ABCs stands for airways, breathing, and circulation. In order it is what a nurse prioritizes and uses to triage care between patients.

Question 4

What is health promotion?

Answer 4

Health promotion helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health.

Question 5

What is health education?

Answer 5

Health education helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks

Question 6

What is illness prevention?

Answer 6

It protects people from actual or potential threats to help

Question 7

What are the three levels of prevention?

Answer 7

Primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention.

Primary prevention lowers the chance a disease will develop (e.g. immunizations, health education, nutrition programs).

Secondary prevention focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions (e.g. preventing the spread of diseases, performing diagnostic tests on a patient and intervening appropriately).

Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible (e.g. focus on patient’s current status and prevent worsening complications, we want the patient to achieve the highest level of functioning possible).

Question 8

Define acute illness.

Answer 8

• Usually reversible
• Short duration
• Abrupt, intense, and severe symptoms

Question 9

Define chronic illness.

Answer 9

• Irreversible
• Persists longer than 6 months
• Go through periods of normal functioning to exacerbations

Question 10

What is ADPIE?

Answer 10

Assess
Diagnose
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

Question 11

Define standard precautions.

Answer 11

Minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care. These practices are designed to protect the healthcare provider and to prevent the healthcare provider from spreading infections among patients.

Question 12

Give three examples of standard precautions.

Answer 12

• Hand hygiene
• Use of PPE (gloves, masks, eyewear)
• Cough etiquette

Question 13

What is the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide?

Answer 13

Falls

Question 14

What are the top four most common conditions leading to death in older adults?

Answer 14

Heart disease
Cancer
Chronic lung disease (COPD)
Stroke

Question 15

List and define the three interview phases.

Answer 15

1. Orientation: setting an agenda
2. Working phase: collecting data
3. Termination phase: ending the interview

Question 16

What can you delegate to assistive personnel?

Answer 16

• Performance of tasks on a stable individual
• Simple, routine tasks on stable, predicable patients (shower, bed bath, turning, vital signs, ambulation of pt with steady gait)

Question 17

What can you not delegate to assistive personnel?

Answer 17

• Nursing assessment
• Medication administration
• Clinical reasoning
• Nursing judgement
• Critical decision making
• Change in patient status; assessment required
• Unstable patients

Question 18

What are the four phases of the helping relationship?

Answer 18

1. Preinteraction phase: reviewing data, including medical and nursing history
2. Orientation phase: observe the patient, set the tone for the relationship, get to know the patient, form contracts for what will happen and who will do what, let the patient know when the relationship will be terminated
3. Working phase: set goals, take action, educate
4. Termination phase: evaluate goal achievement, separate and relinquish responsibility, and achieve a smooth transition

Question 19

What are the two stages of assessment?

Answer 19

1. Collection of information

2. Interpretation and validation of data