skill acquisition & biomechanics

Question 1

The three stages of learning - What are they? - What are the characteristics (x2) of each?

Answer 1

COGNITIVE STAGE
- Frequent errors
- Rapid improvement will occur.
ASSOCIATIVE STAGE
- More consistent performer
- Learns to detect and correct errors.
AUTONOMUS STAGE
- Not consciously thinking about skill
- Anticipation has been developed.

Question 2

Motor skills – describe each and provide examples.
Gross and fine

Answer 2

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
- Large muscles
- High force
- E.g. running
FINE MOTOR SKILLS
- Smaller muscles
- Precision
- E.g. throwing a dart

Question 3

Motor skills - describe each and provide examples.
Discrete , serials and continuous

Answer 3

DISCRETE MOTOR SKILLS
- Brief duration
- Obvious beginning and end
- Eg netball pass
SERIALS MOTOR SKILLS
- Preformed in a sequence
- Complicated skill action
- Eg gymnastics floor routine

CONTINUOUS MOTOR SKILLS
- No definite beginning or end
- Continue for several minutes.
- E.g. swimming

Question 4

Motor skills - describe each and provide examples.
Open and closed

Answer 4

OPEN MOTOR SKILLS
- Limited control
- Constantly externally changing environment
- E.g. surfing

CLOSED MOTOTR SKILLS
- Performer has the greatest control over environment.
- Predictable self-paced environment
- E.g. Diver

Question 5

Newton’s Laws (state them and provide examples relevant to sport) LAW 1

Answer 5

FIRST LAW: the law of inertia
- State, a body will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by external force.
- Eg football (tackling)

Question 6

Newton’s Laws (state them and provide examples relevant to sport) LAW 2

Answer 6

SECOND LAW: the law of acceleration
- State, A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force.
- Eg baseball

Question 7

Newton’s Laws (state them and provide examples relevant to sport) LAW 3

Answer 7

THIRD LAW: the law of action – acceleration
- State, for every action there is and equal and opposite reaction.
- Eg Kicking a ball

Question 8

Describe impulse and link this to sport (e.g. Throwing activities)

Answer 8

IMPULSE
- Change in momentum of an object.
- To change the momentum of an object, force must be applied over a period.
- E.g., Volleyball

Question 9

FORCES - GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

Answer 9

• All objects in the air are subjected to gravitational force.
• Constant force that acts through the centre of mass of an object towards earth.

Question 10

FORCES - FRICTION

Answer 10

• Is a force between 2 surfaces that are sliding or trying to slide across each other?
• Friction always works in the direction opposite to the direction in which the object is moving or trying to move.

Question 11

FORCES - AIR, WATER, RESISTANCE

Answer 11

• A drag force experienced when an object moves through air or water.
• These forces oppose the direction of motion of the object thus slowing down object.
• An increase in speed = an increase in drag

Question 12

DEFINE MASS

Answer 12

• Defined as the quantity of matter found within a particular body measured in kilograms
• Direct relationship between mass and inertia

Question 13

DEFINE INERTIA

Answer 13

• Is the tendency for a body to resist change in state of motion.
• The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia, the greater the force needed to change its state of motion.