musculoskeletal system

Question 1

List functions of the skeletal system ?

Answer 1

Body movements
Support
Protection
Mineral storage
Production of red blood cells

Question 2

What are the major bones of the skeletal system ?

Answer 2

skull
mandible
clavicle
scapula
ribcage
vertebral column
pelvis
carpals
metacarpals
phalange
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
patella
femur
ulna
radius
humerus

Question 3

Types of bones and example of each in the body ?
and examples

Answer 3

Flat Bones - cranium , sternum , ribs
Sesamoid Bones - patella , bones in hand and foot
Irregular Bones - pubis , vertebrae
Long Bones - femur, ulna , radius
Short Bones - carpals

Question 4

List the anatomical movements ?

Answer 4

Abduction + Adduction
Eversion + Inversion
Doris flection + Planter Flexion
Pronation + Supernation
Circumduction + Rotation
Flection and Extension

Question 5

Define Abduction + Adduction

Answer 5

Abduction = to take away from midline of the body
eg upward phase of jump
Adduction = to bring towards midline of the body
eg downwards phase of star jump

Question 6

Define Eversion + Inversion

Answer 6

Eversion = movement of the sole of the foot away from mid line of body
eg dribbling a soccer ball
Inversion = movement of the sole of foot towards the midline
eg kicking soccer ball

Question 7

Define Dorsi flexion + Planter flexion

Answer 7

Dorsi flection = decrease in the angle of joint between the foot and lower leg
eg jumping
Planter flection = increase in the angle between the foot and lower leg
eg pointing toes

Question 8

Define Pronation + Supernation

Answer 8

Pronation = rotation of the hand so thumb moves towards the body
eg hand when dribbling a ball
Supernation = rotation of the hand so thumb moves away from body
eg catching a ball

Question 9

Define Circumduction + Rotation

Answer 9

Circumduction = limb moves in a circular fashion and generally only possible for ball and socket joints
eg swimming butterfly
Rotation = movement around an axis
eg swimming freestyle turning head to breath

Question 10

List synovial joints ?

Answer 10

Pivot
Gliding
Ball and socket
Hinge
Saddle
Condyloid

Question 11

example of pivot joint and movements possible

Answer 11

example - atlas and axis
movement - rotation of one bone around another

Question 12

example of gliding joint and movements possible

Answer 12

example - carpals and tasals
movement - gliding movements

Question 13

example of ball and socket joint and movements possible

Answer 13

example - shoulder and hip
movement - flexion, extension, adduction , abduction , internal and external.

Question 14

example of hinge joint and movements possible

Answer 14

example - knee and elbow
movement - flection and extension

Question 15

example of saddle joint and movements possible

Answer 15

example - metacarpals
movement - flexion, extension , adduction, abduction, circumduction.

Question 16

example of condyloid joint and movements possible

Answer 16

example- wrist
movement- flexion , extension , adduction, abduction , circumduction

Question 17

Define the function of body movement in the skeletal system ?

Answer 17

provides structure for muscle and tendons and attaches muscle to bone.

Question 18

Define the function of support in the skeletal system ?

Answer 18

solid framework which helps battle gravity force

Question 19

Define the function of protection in the skeletal system ?

Answer 19

strong skeletal layer protects organs.

Question 20

Define the function of mineral storage in the skeletal system ?

Answer 20

bone tissue stores minerals eg calcium

Question 21

Define the function of red blood cells in the skeletal system ?

Answer 21

occurs in cavities of long bones essential to health and well-being.

Question 22

List the functions of the muscular system ?

Answer 22

To produce movement
To maintain posture
Essential bodily functions

Question 23

Define the function of to produce movement in the muscular system ?

Answer 23

muscles pull on bones to produce movement

Question 24

Define the function of to maintain posture in the muscular system ?

Answer 24

muscles are in a constant state

Question 25

Define the function of essential bodily function in the muscular system ?

Answer 25

breathing digestive and heart

Question 26

What are the major muscles of the human body ?

Answer 26

• Trapezius
• Deltoid
• Triceps
• Latissimus dorsi
• Gluteal
• Hamstrings
• Gastrocnemius
• Soles
• Pectorals
• Bicep
• Abdominals
• Brancho radials
• Quadriceps
• Tibialis anterior

Question 27

Define Flection + Extension

Answer 27

Flection = decreasing angle between the bones
eg= upwards phase bicep curl
Extension = increasing angle between the bones
eg downward phase of bicep curl

Question 28

Define origin and intertion

Answer 28

origin - is fixed
intertion - is moving

Question 29

Describe reciprocal inhibition

Answer 29

• Is the term used to describe how muscles work in pairs to produce efficient movement.
• Eg : during elbow flexion the biceps perform and isoineritial concentric contraction and shorten acting as the agonist the triceps perform an isoinertial eccentric contraction and lengthens acting as the antagonist.

Question 30

Slow twitch muscle fibres provide characteristics of each

Answer 30

Slow -
- red
- small fibre diameter
- slow contraction speed
- low force capacity
- high fatigue resistance

Question 31

Fast twitch muscle fibres provide characteristics of each

Answer 31

Fast -
- white
- large fibre diameter
- fast contraction speed
- high force capacity
- low fatigue resistance

Question 32

ISOTONIC CONCENTRIC

Answer 32

occurs when muscle shorten under tension e.g. upwards phase of squat

Question 33

ISOTONIC ECCENTRIC

Answer 33

occurs when muscles lengthen up tension e.g lowering phase of a squat.

Question 34

ISOMETRIC CONTACTIONS

Answer 34

the type of muscular contraction creates force, but length of the muscle does not change.