musculoskeletal system Flashcards
List functions of the skeletal system ?
Body movements
Support
Protection
Mineral storage
Production of red blood cells
What are the major bones of the skeletal system ?
skull
mandible
clavicle
scapula
ribcage
vertebral column
pelvis
carpals
metacarpals
phalange
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
patella
femur
ulna
radius
humerus
Types of bones and example of each in the body ?
and examples
Flat Bones - cranium , sternum , ribs
Sesamoid Bones - patella , bones in hand and foot
Irregular Bones - pubis , vertebrae
Long Bones - femur, ulna , radius
Short Bones - carpals
List the anatomical movements ?
Abduction + Adduction
Eversion + Inversion
Doris flection + Planter Flexion
Pronation + Supernation
Circumduction + Rotation
Flection and Extension
Define Abduction + Adduction
Abduction = to take away from midline of the body
eg upward phase of jump
Adduction = to bring towards midline of the body
eg downwards phase of star jump
Define Eversion + Inversion
Eversion = movement of the sole of the foot away from mid line of body
eg dribbling a soccer ball
Inversion = movement of the sole of foot towards the midline
eg kicking soccer ball
Define Dorsi flexion + Planter flexion
Dorsi flection = decrease in the angle of joint between the foot and lower leg
eg jumping
Planter flection = increase in the angle between the foot and lower leg
eg pointing toes
Define Pronation + Supernation
Pronation = rotation of the hand so thumb moves towards the body
eg hand when dribbling a ball
Supernation = rotation of the hand so thumb moves away from body
eg catching a ball
Define Circumduction + Rotation
Circumduction = limb moves in a circular fashion and generally only possible for ball and socket joints
eg swimming butterfly
Rotation = movement around an axis
eg swimming freestyle turning head to breath
List synovial joints ?
Pivot
Gliding
Ball and socket
Hinge
Saddle
Condyloid
example of pivot joint and movements possible
example - atlas and axis
movement - rotation of one bone around another
example of gliding joint and movements possible
example - carpals and tasals
movement - gliding movements
example of ball and socket joint and movements possible
example - shoulder and hip
movement - flexion, extension, adduction , abduction , internal and external.
example of hinge joint and movements possible
example - knee and elbow
movement - flection and extension
example of saddle joint and movements possible
example - metacarpals
movement - flexion, extension , adduction, abduction, circumduction.
example of condyloid joint and movements possible
example- wrist
movement- flexion , extension , adduction, abduction , circumduction
Define the function of body movement in the skeletal system ?
provides structure for muscle and tendons and attaches muscle to bone.
Define the function of support in the skeletal system ?
solid framework which helps battle gravity force
Define the function of protection in the skeletal system ?
strong skeletal layer protects organs.
Define the function of mineral storage in the skeletal system ?
bone tissue stores minerals eg calcium
Define the function of red blood cells in the skeletal system ?
occurs in cavities of long bones essential to health and well-being.
List the functions of the muscular system ?
To produce movement
To maintain posture
Essential bodily functions
Define the function of to produce movement in the muscular system ?
muscles pull on bones to produce movement
Define the function of to maintain posture in the muscular system ?
muscles are in a constant state
Define the function of essential bodily function in the muscular system ?
breathing digestive and heart
What are the major muscles of the human body ?
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
- Triceps
- Latissimus dorsi
- Gluteal
- Hamstrings
- Gastrocnemius
- Soles
- Pectorals
- Bicep
- Abdominals
- Brancho radials
- Quadriceps
- Tibialis anterior
Define Flection + Extension
Flection = decreasing angle between the bones
eg= upwards phase bicep curl
Extension = increasing angle between the bones
eg downward phase of bicep curl
Define origin and intertion
origin - is fixed
intertion - is moving
Describe reciprocal inhibition
- Is the term used to describe how muscles work in pairs to produce efficient movement.
- Eg : during elbow flexion the biceps perform and isoineritial concentric contraction and shorten acting as the agonist the triceps perform an isoinertial eccentric contraction and lengthens acting as the antagonist.
Slow twitch muscle fibres provide characteristics of each
Slow -
- red
- small fibre diameter
- slow contraction speed
- low force capacity
- high fatigue resistance
Fast twitch muscle fibres provide characteristics of each
Fast -
- white
- large fibre diameter
- fast contraction speed
- high force capacity
- low fatigue resistance
ISOTONIC CONCENTRIC
occurs when muscle shorten under tension e.g. upwards phase of squat
ISOTONIC ECCENTRIC
occurs when muscles lengthen up tension e.g lowering phase of a squat.
ISOMETRIC CONTACTIONS
the type of muscular contraction creates force, but length of the muscle does not change.
