cardiorespiratory system Flashcards
Functions of the cardiovascular system ?
- To circulate blood to all body parts
- Transport water, oxygen, and nutrients to cells
- Transport wastes including carbon dioxide away from cells.
- Helps maintain correct body temperature.
- Helps fight diseases through white blood cells and antibodies.
define arteries
Always carries oxygen rich blood away from heart to body.
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation refers to the circulation of the blood in which deoxygenated blood is pumped and oxygenated blood returned back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs.
Describe the pathway of blood flow through the heart
The pathway of blood starts as the deoxygenated blood flows through the heart traveling through the superior vena cava, then into the right atrium then passing through the tricuspid valve flowing through the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery to the lungs this is pulmonary circulation. The blood becomes oxygenated due to going into the lungs. Then blood travels through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. From here the blood will pass through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The oxygenated blood is then sent to the rest of the body organs and muscles as part of systemic circulation before returning back to the heart.
Define heart rate
Heart rate is defined as the number of times the heart beats in one minute. (bpm)
Define stroke volume
Stroke volume is defined as the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat (9ml/beat)
Define cardio output
Cardio output is defined as the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (L/min)
Explain why HR, SV, Q increase during exercise
HR, SV , Q increase during exercise because to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to working muscles so more energy can be produced aerobically.
Functions of the respiratory system
- Brings air form the atmosphere into the lungs.
- Transfers o2 into the blood
- Removes co2 from the blood to breathed out.
- Expels heat and water vapour.
- Allows the vocal cords to create speech.
Define respiratory rate
Is the number of breaths taken in one minute.
Define tidal volume
Is how much air is inspired or expired in one breath.
Define ventilation
Is the total amount of air breathed in and out in one minute.
Describe the process of diffusion
DEFINE: Diffusion is the exchange of gases at the alveoli which sees oxygen and carbon dioxide move from an area of high concertation to low concentration.
WHY DOES THIS OCCUR: Diffusion increases to provide the blood stream with more oxygen to transport to working muscles so more energy can be produced. Co2 is also removed and breathed out.
Define Capillaries
Connects arteries to veins, capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are the site of exchange of nutrients oxygen with carbon and wastes between the blood and blood cells.
Define Veins
Veins generally carry blood with low oxygen content as the muscles and cells have extracted oxygen from production of energy. ATP, veins have one-way valves which prevents blood from flowing backwards.
