Skill Acquisition Flashcards
Gross skills
Use large muscle groups
Weight lifting
Fine skills
Use small muscle groups
Darts throw
Open skills
Affected by the environment
Badketball
Closed skills
Timing is decided by the performer, not environment
Gymnastics
Discrete skills
Have a clear beginning and end
Simple and short duration
Basketball jump shot
Serial skills
Separate skills joined together in a sequence
Triple jump
Continuous skills
No defined beginning or end
Running
Self paced skills
Performer determines when they start
Free throw in basketball
Externally paced skills
Timing is controlled by other factors e.g. Wind, weather, opponents
Wind surfing
Simple skills
Small number of parts
Swimming
Complex skills
Large number of parts
Gymnastics vault
Low organisation skills
Sub routines can easily be separated and practiced by themselves
Trampolining
High organisation skills
Sub routines are closely linked and hard to separate
Cartwheel
Part practice
Work on sub-routines
Beneficial for dangerous/complex skills
Good for teaching closed skills
E.g. Tennis serve
- grip
- stance
- back swing etc
Whole practice
Learn a skill in its entirety
Experience the feel of it
High organisation/low complexity
Could pick up bad form/execution
E.g. Sprinting
Progressive part practice
Complex skills practiced in isolation
Sub-routines are taught in the order which the occur in the skill
Skills linked together
Know the order and whats coming next
E.g. Dance routing
Whole part whole
Practice the whole skill, work on a section that needs improving, practice whole skill together again
E.g. Tennis serve
Massed practice
Practice continuously without a break/rest
Good for grooving skills
For experienced/highly motivated learners with good fitness levels
Good for simple, discrete skills
Elements of fatigue
Lack of concentration
De-motivation
Distributed practice
Practice with rest sessions
Beginners/learners with low levels of fitness
Continuous skills
Allows time to recover mentally/physically
Most effective form
Good for motivation and dangerous/complex skills
Fixed practice
Movement pattern repeated in the same environment
Good for closed skills
Repetitive practices
Varied practice
Many different environments that would occur in a game Good for open skills Adapt the skill to suit the environment Conditions should be realistic Helps perceptual/decision making skills
Positive transfer
Learning in one task is enhanced by learning in another
E.g. Shooting in basketball to netball
Negative transfer
Learning of a new task is interfered by knowledge of a similar activity
E.g. Tennis and badminton serves
Proactive transfer
Influence of one skill on a skill yet to be learned
E.g. Foundation skills
Basketball layup to pro-hop layup
Retroactive transfer
Influence of one skill on a one that has previously been learned
E.g. Hockey players use flicking skill then find it hard to go back to push pass
Bilateral transfer
Limb to limb
E.g. Left and right hand layup in basketball
Optimising transfer
Allow positive transfer
Highlight transferable skills
Clear demonstrations
Environment must be similar
Previous skills must have been successfully learned
Reinforcement
Simplify the task during initial learning
