Skill Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

A type of learning where a behavior is strengthened using a reinforcer or diminished with a punisher

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2
Q

What are the 4 main features of the operant conditioning model when learning new motor skills?

A
  • manipulate environment
  • allows for behavior shaping
  • repeat the skill with a process of trial and error
  • use positive reinforcement for desired response and and punishment and negative reinforcement to weaken undesired response
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3
Q

Apply operant conditioning when teaching a smash shot in badminton

A
  • structure the environment by repeatedly serving a high shuttle
  • encourages behavior shaping as it encourages the smash response
  • through trial and error the player can work out what works
  • positive reinforcement can be given to the correct response
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4
Q

What are Thorndike’s laws?

A
  • law of exercise
  • law of readiness
  • law of effect
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5
Q

What is the law of exercise?

A

repeated practice of the SR connections are more likely to reinforce them

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6
Q

What is the law of effect?

A

Reinforcement will strengthen the desired SR bond, positive reinforcement is the most effective at this

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7
Q

What is the law of readiness?

A

A performer must be mentally and physically capable of performing the skill

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8
Q

What is cognitive learning theory?

A

A type of learning that involves rehearsing a skill in whole and using problem solving

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9
Q

Give four features of cognitive learning

A
  • whole learning
  • problem solving
  • using past experiences
  • insight learning
  • experimentation
  • learner must be self-motivated
  • gestalt theory
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10
Q

some performers learn a new skill by following the cognitive theory of learning. Analyse how following this approach may affect their learning (4 marks)

A
  • performer may develop a better understanding of the skill and when to apply it
  • the performer won’t always need to rely on a coach as they can self correct
  • however if the performer loses motivation they may give up on the skill
  • the learning of the skill might not be as successful because they don’t have a role model to copy off
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11
Q

What are the 4 types of guidance to be used when teaching a skill?

A
  • visual guidance
  • verbal guidance
  • manual guidance
  • mechanical guidance
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12
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A
advantages
- can reinforce the right movements and correct errors through feedback
-can hold the attention of the performer
-can motivate the performer
Disadvantages
-overload a performer with information
- the guidance given could be inaccurate
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