Skill Acquisition Flashcards
What is operant conditioning?
A type of learning where a behavior is strengthened using a reinforcer or diminished with a punisher
What are the 4 main features of the operant conditioning model when learning new motor skills?
- manipulate environment
- allows for behavior shaping
- repeat the skill with a process of trial and error
- use positive reinforcement for desired response and and punishment and negative reinforcement to weaken undesired response
Apply operant conditioning when teaching a smash shot in badminton
- structure the environment by repeatedly serving a high shuttle
- encourages behavior shaping as it encourages the smash response
- through trial and error the player can work out what works
- positive reinforcement can be given to the correct response
What are Thorndike’s laws?
- law of exercise
- law of readiness
- law of effect
What is the law of exercise?
repeated practice of the SR connections are more likely to reinforce them
What is the law of effect?
Reinforcement will strengthen the desired SR bond, positive reinforcement is the most effective at this
What is the law of readiness?
A performer must be mentally and physically capable of performing the skill
What is cognitive learning theory?
A type of learning that involves rehearsing a skill in whole and using problem solving
Give four features of cognitive learning
- whole learning
- problem solving
- using past experiences
- insight learning
- experimentation
- learner must be self-motivated
- gestalt theory
some performers learn a new skill by following the cognitive theory of learning. Analyse how following this approach may affect their learning (4 marks)
- performer may develop a better understanding of the skill and when to apply it
- the performer won’t always need to rely on a coach as they can self correct
- however if the performer loses motivation they may give up on the skill
- the learning of the skill might not be as successful because they don’t have a role model to copy off
What are the 4 types of guidance to be used when teaching a skill?
- visual guidance
- verbal guidance
- manual guidance
- mechanical guidance
What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance?
advantages - can reinforce the right movements and correct errors through feedback -can hold the attention of the performer -can motivate the performer Disadvantages -overload a performer with information - the guidance given could be inaccurate