Skeleton Overview & Axial Skeleton Flashcards
of bones in the adult skeleton
206
2 basic types of osseous tissue
compact bone & spongy bone
4 bone shapes
long, short, flat, irregular
examples of long bones
humerus, femur, etc
example of flat bone
sternum
example of short bone
talus
example of irregular bones
vertebrae
8 bone markings that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
tuberosity crest trochanter line tubercle epicondyle spine process
4 bone markings that help form joints
head
facet
condyle
ramus
3 bone markings that allow for the passage of vessels and nerves
fissure
foramen
notch
3 misc. depressions and openings (bone markings)
meatus
sinus
fossa
‘shaft’ of a long bone
diaphysis
‘ends’ of a long bone
epiphyses
epiphysis closest to the trunk
proximal epiphysis
epiphysis furthest from the trunk
distal epiphysis
cartilage surrounding long bone
articular cartilage
line of compact bone between two areas of spongy bone
epiphyseal line
dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping bones
periosteum
cavity within a long bone
medullary cavity
medullary cavity is lined with _________
endosteum
the _______ _____ carries vessels & nerves through compact bone
central canal
collection of rings around a cental canal
osteon
individual rings around a central canal
lamella/lamellae
chambers within lamellae
lacunae
mature bone cells within lacunae
osteocytes
3 parts of the axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
2 sets of bones that constitute the skull
cranium & facial bones
interlocking fibrous joints that join skull bones
sutures
only 2 facial bones that are not paired
vomer & mandible
bone not really considered part of the skull, located in the throat
hyoid bone
4 paranasal sinuses
frontal sinus
ethmoidal sinus
sphenoidal sinus
maxillary sinus
the vertebral column consists of __ vertebrae and __ composite (fused) bones
24; 2
of cervical vertebrae
7
of thoracic vertebrae
12
of lumbar vertebrae
5
the 2 composite bones of the vertebral column are the ______ and ______
sacrum & coccyx
processes that extend from the posterior side of the vertebrae
spinous processes
proceses that extend laterally from each side of the vertebrae
transverse processes
discs between vertebrae
intervertebral discs
final vertebra of the cervical curvature - has the most prominent spinal process
vertebra prominens
hole in the vertebrae that house the spinal cord
vertebral foramen
thiccest part of vertebrae
body
posterior arch of the vertebral foramen
vertebral arch
facet + process on the superior side of a vertebra, bewteen the foramen and the transverse process
superior articular facet and process
looks like a shark skull (to me)
cervical vertebrae (especially C1)
‘typical’ vertebra - transverse processes are at a 45deg angle with the spinal process - foramen is most circular
thoracic vertebrae
vertebrae with the thickest body - foramen is flat - transverse processes are at a 90deg angle with spinal process
lumbar vertebrae
holes in the sacrum
sacral foramina
seam between the sacrum & the coccyx
apex
superior end of the sacrum
sacral promontory
hole through sacrum
sacral canal
points of each ‘wing’ of sacrum (superior end)
ala
posterior crest of sacrum
median sacral crest
sites of vertebral fusion on posterior side of sacrum
transverse ridges
connect ribs to sternum
costal cartilages
notch on top of sternum
jugular notch
first 7 ribs are called _____ ribs
true
ribs 8-12 are called ______ ribs
false
ribs 11 and 12 are ______ ribs
floating
‘head’ on superior end of sternum
manubrium
seam between manubrium and body of sternum
sternal angle
‘point’ on inferior end of sternum
xiphoid process
seam between xiphoid process & body of sternum
xiphisternal joint
spaces between ribs
intercostal spaces
the first cervical vertebra is called ____ and lacks a ____
atlas; body
this vertebra has lateral masses
atlas
the second cervical vertebra is called ____ and has a ____ instead of a body
axis; dens
holes in the wide transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
transverse foramina
______ _______ travel through transverse foramina
vertebral arteries
this vertebra allows you to shake your head ‘no’
axis
