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BS013—Anatomy & Physiology I Lab > Cell Anatomy > Flashcards

Cell Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 major parts that can be identified with a light microscope

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

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2
Q

‘control center’ of the cell - contains DNA

A

nucleus

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3
Q

DNA is dispersed in a threadlike form called _______ when the cell is not dividing

A

chromatin

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4
Q

DNA coils into ________ when the cell is dividing

A

chromosomes

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5
Q

contained within the nucleus and made of proteins and RNA

A

nucleolus

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6
Q

assembly sites for ribosomes within the nucleus

A

nucleoli

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7
Q

membrane binding the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope

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8
Q

permit the passage of protein and RNA molecules through the nuclear envelope

A

nuclear pores

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9
Q

separates cell’s contents from its surrounding environment

A

plasma membrane

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10
Q

main structural building blocks of plasma membrane

A

phospholipids (fats) & globular protein molecules

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11
Q

the plasma membrane only lets certain things in and out of it — this is called ____________________

A

selective permeability

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12
Q

the plasma membrane in some cells takes the form of ________, tiny fingerlike folds

A

microvilli

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13
Q

increase surface area of the cell available

A

microvilli

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14
Q

carbohydrates attached to the plasma membrane

A

glycocalyx

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15
Q

glycocalyx attached to cholesterol

A

glycolipid

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16
Q

glycocalyx attached to integral proteins

A

glycoprotein

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17
Q

two layers of _________, each with a head and tail, make up much of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipids

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18
Q

hydrophilic part of phospholipid

A

polar head

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19
Q

hydrophobic part of phospholipid

A

nonpolar tail

20
Q

integral proteins are embedded in the __________

A

lipid bilayer

21
Q

_____________ are embedded in the lipid bilayer

A

integral proteins

22
Q

proteins attached to the integral proteins, either just outside or just inside the cell

A

peripheral proteins

23
Q

molecules embedded in the lipid bilayer (yellow in illustration)

A

cholesterol

24
Q

fluid cytoplasmic material that supports organelles

A

cytosol

25
Q

“small organs” within the cell

A

organelles

26
Q

various stuff inside cell (glycogen granules, lipid droplets, crystals, water vacuoles, foreign materials)

A

inclusions

27
Q

tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein

A

ribosomes

28
Q

function of ribosomes

A

sites of protein synthesis

29
Q

membranous system of tubules —studded with ribosomes

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

membranous system of tubules —no ribosomes

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

function of rough ER

A

stores & transports proteins made by ribosomes attached to it

32
Q

function of smooth ER

A

site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, drug detoxification

33
Q

flattened sacs with bulbous ends found close to nucleus

A

Golgi apparatus

34
Q

function of Golgi apparatus

A

packages proteins for export from the cell or to plasma membrane - packages lysosomal enzymes

35
Q

membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

36
Q

function of lysosomes

A

digest worn out organelles & foreign materials

37
Q

‘suicide sacs’ - can destroy cell if ruptured

A

lysosomes

38
Q

membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes

A

peroxisomes

39
Q

function of peroxisomes

A

detoxify alcohol, free radicals, harmful chemicals

40
Q

especially abundant in liver and kidney cells

A

peroxisomes

41
Q

bodies with a double membrane wall - inner membrane is in folds (cristae)

A

mitochondria

42
Q

function of mitochondria

A

produce cellular energy (ATP)

43
Q

ATP stands for _____________

A

adenosine triphosphate

44
Q

folds in mitochondria’s inner membrane

A

cristae

45
Q

paired cylindrical bodies that lie at right angles to one another

A

centrioles

46
Q

function of centrioles

A

direct formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division

47
Q

also called basal bodies

A

centrioles

BS013—Anatomy & Physiology I Lab (17 decks)

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