SKELETON & JOINTS Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the 4 main functions of the skeleton

A

SPMM

  • Support the body
  • Protect vital organs
  • help the body Move
  • Make blood cells
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2
Q

how does the skeleton support the body?

A

the backbone (spine) keeps the body upright

(or we’d flop over)

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3
Q

how does the skeleton protect the body?

A
  • skull protects the brain
  • ribcage protects the heart & lungs
  • backbone/spine protects the spinal cord
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4
Q

how does the skeleton move the body?

A

muscles are attached to bones (your skeleton)

if a muscle pulls on a bone, the bone will move at joints (knee, elbow, ankle)

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5
Q

how does your skeleton make blood cells?

A

red & white blood cells are made in bone marrow (a soft tissue inside your leg & arm bones)

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6
Q

state the function of red blood cells

A

carry O2 around the body in the blood

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7
Q

state the function of white blood cells

A

help destroy harmful infections

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8
Q

where are red & white blood cells made?

A

in bone marrow

(soft tissue inside larger hard bones)

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9
Q

how many bones do you have?

A

206

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10
Q

name muscles A and B

A

A = tricep

B = bicep

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11
Q

What is meant by antagonistic muscles?

A

a pair of muscles that act on a joint

as one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes

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12
Q

where are joints found?

A

where 2+ bones join together

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13
Q

name the 3 types of joints in the body

A
  • hinge joints
  • ball-and-socket joints
  • fixed joints
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14
Q

describe hinge joints

A

hinge joints allow bones to move

forward & backward

(knee, elbow)

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15
Q

describe ball-and-socket joints

A

ball-and-socket joints allow bones to move

in all directions

(hip, shoulder)

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16
Q

describe fixed joints

A

fixed joints do not allow movement

(skull)

17
Q

what are the ends of bones in a joint covered with to stop them rubbing

A

cartilage: a strong smooth slippery tissue

18
Q

what are two bones at a joint held together by?

A

ligaments

19
Q

how can you measure muscle strength?

A

Newton scale

20
Q

what are muscles made of?

A

muscle tissue is made from lots

of muscle cells working together

21
Q

how are muscles attached to bones?

A

muscles are attached to bones by tendons

22
Q

can muscles push?

A

no, muscles can only pull

so muscles work in pairs

(each pulling on the other)

23
Q

what’s the difference between

a tendon and a ligament?

A

a tendon is a tissue attaching muscle to bone

a ligament is a tissue attaching bone to bone