PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS Flashcards
What is a cell?
Cells are the building blocks of life
Cells are the smallest units in an organism
What is a tissue?
a group of cells doing the same job
What is an organism?
a living thing made of cells
Name part A
cell membrane
a barrier that controls
what moves in and out of the cell
Name part B
cytoplasm
where chemical reactions take place
Name part C
nucleus
controls the cell
contains the genetic material (DNA)
needed to make new cells
Name part D
cell wall
strengthens the cell
provides support
Name part E
chloroplast
Name part F
permanent large vacuole
contains cell sap
keeps cell firm
Name 3 parts you find
in a plant cell
but not in an animal cell
cell wall
chloroplasts
permanent vacuole
What is the function of a
plant cell’s permanent vacuole?
keep the cell rigid/firm
store substances in its cell sap
In which part of a plant cell
is cell sap stored?
permanent vacuole
In which part of a cell
do you find DNA?
inside the nucleus (control centre)
Which cell structure controls
what enters and leaves the cell?
cell membrane
nutrients in / waste out
Which cell structure controls
how the cell works
(the control centre)?
nucleus (control centre)
Where does respiration take place?
mitochondria
respiration is a chemical reaction that transfers energy
Which plant cell structure
contains chlorophyll?
chloroplasts
What part of a cell controls
the cell’s activities?
nucleus
What does a chloroplast contain and what is its function?
contains chlorophyll
captures energy from sunlight to make food (a sugar called glucose)
(photosynthesis)
What is the function of mitochondrion?
the powerhouse
they produce energy
using respiration (plant ‘breathing’)
What do bacteria use to move about?
flagella (tail)
Are bacteria cells
eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
prokaryotic (NO nucleus)
pro is Greek for ‘before’ = before eukaryotic (true) cells
What are gametes?
sex cells
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
(genetic information
to grow and reproduce)
Name the smallest animal cell in the human body?
red blood cell
(125 red blood cells = 1 mm)
Name the largest animal cell in the human body
egg cell (ovum)
(10 egg cells = 1 mm)
How do forensic scientists help capture criminals?
collect skin, blood and hair cells from crime scenes
DNA inside the nucleus is unique for every human
What do red blood cells do?
carry oxygen around the body
Why are red blood cells
good at carrying O2?
flat disc shape = large surface area to carry O2
What do nerve cells do?
carry messages up and down the body by transmitting electrical signals
What do muscle cells do?
pull together to make muscles contract (get shorter and fatter)
bring parts of the body closer together
Name two cells where you find chloroplasts
plant cells
algae cells
(for photosynthesis)
What is an amoeba?
unicellular organism (made of just one cell)
What organelles are found in an amoeba?
nucleus (control the cell)
cytoplasm (jelly-like substance)
contracting vacuole (suck up water)
cell membrane
(to keep the nuclues & cytoplasm inside)
Is an amoeba an animal or a plant cell or nether?
neither
amoeba only have one cell plants/animals have many cells
Is a euglena unicellular or multicellular?
unicellular
(made out of one cell)
Name the 6 organelles found inside a euglena
- cytoplasm (jelly-like substance)
- nucleus (control centre)
- choloroplasts (trap energy from sun to make food using photosynthesis)
- contractile vacuole
- cell membrane (keep nucleus & cytoplasm inside)
- flagellum (to swim in fresh water)
Is a euglena an animal cell, a plant cell or neither?
Explain why
neither
it’s unicellular (plant & animal cells are multicellular)
Name this specialised cell
root hair cell (plant)
What do root hair cells do?
absorb water + nutrients (nitrates) from soil
do root hair cells have chloroplasts?
explain your answer
no chloroplasts as there’s no sunlight underground (no photosynthesis)
