Skeleton And Joints Flashcards
Cartilage composition and features
Cartilage consists of chondroblasts which secrete ground substance + collagen -> rigid gel-> cells remain in Situ as chondrocytes
No neurovascular elements, nutrients by diffusion
Bone functions
- Support
- Movement (bones are levers for muscles)
- Protection
- Heamopioesis
- Storage (ca2+/ P)
Axial and appendicular skeleton
Axial = skull and spine+ ribs Appendicular= everything else
5 types of bone shapes
- Long (humerus)
- Flat (sternum)
- Short (trapezoid)
- Irregular (vertebra)
- Sesamoid (patella)
Parts of a Long bone, TOP down
Proximal epiphysis Metaphysis Diaphysis Metaphysis Distal epiphysis
Endochondral ossification vs intramembranous ossification
Endochondral: replaces cartilage
Intramembranous: bone growth from inside
What are compact bones and its features
External surface of bone
Osteon’s functional unit
Osteocytes in concentric layers, central canal has blood vessel (runs // to bone surface)
Perforating canals delivers blood deeper into the bone (perpendicular to bone surface)
Resists stresses that come from limited number of directions, found in shafts of Long bones
Trabecular bones structure and features
Made from struts and plates-> lighter
Stresses come from many directions
Found in epiphysis of Long bones
What’s condyle
Smooth rounded articular process
What’s trochlea
Small grooved articular process like a pulley
What’s facet
Small flat articular surface
Whats ramus
Extension of bone at an angle to rest of structure
Whats trochanter
Large rough projection
What’s tuberosity
Smaller roughened projection tendon/ligament attaches
Whats tubercle
Small rounded projection tendon/ligament attaches
