Pelvis And Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of pelvis

A

Sacrum (5)
Coccyx (4)
Hipbone (2)

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2
Q

Hip bone bones, what’re they joined by

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Joined by triradiate cartilage, ossifies later in life

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3
Q

Joints in pelvis

A

Lumbosacral
Sacroiliac
Sacrococcygeus
Pubic symphysis

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4
Q

Orientation of pelvis

A

Anteriorly inferiorly inclined
ASIS + pubic symphysis on same plane
Angle of inclination if sacral Promontory and upper margin of pubic symphysis = 55
Angle of inclination of tip of coccyx and lower margin of pubic symphysis = 15

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5
Q

Pubic tubercle vs crest

A

Tubercle : pointy thing

Crest: more medial

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6
Q

Pelvic inlet vs brim

A

Brims the bony rims that make up the inlet

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7
Q

Inlet and outlet boundaries

A

Inlet : pubic symphysis / ilium/ sacral promontory

Outlet: ischial tuberosities/ coccyx / pubic symphysis

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8
Q

How to get obstetric conjugate

A

Put left hand up vag to touch sacral promontory
Put right hand on start of left
Measure distance (diagonal conjugate)
Obstetric conjugate = diagonal conjugate - 1.5

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9
Q

Types of hip shapes , characteristics , implications

A

Android (M): short AP + short transverse
Gynecoid (F): Long AP +Long transverse
Anthropoid (F, no vaginal delivery): Long ap + short transverse
Platypelloid (F, no vaginal delivery): short AP + Long transverse

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10
Q

In females, which pouch is more likely to collect infection

A

Rectovesicle instead of Rectouterine

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11
Q

Pelvic floor/diaphragm function

What’d happen without it

A

Supports pelvic organs and separates perineum from pelvic cavity
Incontinence / prolapse

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12
Q

Muscles in superficial pouch

A

Perineal body
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Transverse perineal

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13
Q

Parts of deep and superficial perineal pouches

A

Deep pouch: superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm/ deep pouch muscles ( deep transverse perineal muscle + external urethral sphincter + sphincter urethrovaginalis + compressor urethrae) / perineal membrane
Superficial pouch : perineal membrane / superficial pouch muscles / superficial membranous fascia

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14
Q

Ischioanal fossa shape and path

A

Wedge shaped

Bifurcate towards front

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15
Q

Where does testes develop from, what’s condition for undescended testes

A
From PAW (retroperitoneal) 
Cryptochidism
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16
Q

What happens to balls when temperature drops

A

Genitofemoral nerve innervation -> dartos + cremastic muscles contract -> balls go closer to body

17
Q

Inguinal canal contents male

A

External spermatic fascia / cremasteric / internal spermatic fascia
Testicular artery/ deferential artery/ cremasteric
Pampiniform plexus & testicular vein/ deferential vein/ cremasteric vein
Genitofemoral nerve/ ilioinguinal nerve/ autonomic nerves
Lymphatics

18
Q

Inguinal contents female

A

Round ligament
Genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve

19
Q

What separates testes

A

Raphe

20
Q

Leydig and Sertoli cells location and function

A

Leydig: produce testosterone
Sertoli: aids sperm development
In seminiferous tubules

21
Q

Path of sperms

A

Seminiferous tubules -> rete testis-> efferent ductules-> epididymis -> vas deferens -> seminal vesicles -> ejaculatory duct

22
Q

Function of prostate + seminal vesicles + bulbourethral glands

A

Prostate : secretes citrate (sperm motility) + enzymes ( break sperm clots)
Seminal vesicles: alkaline fluid with fructose + enzymes + PGs
Bulbourethral glands: lubricate urethra

23
Q

4 zones of prostate and something about them

A
  1. Central: around ejaculatory duct
  2. Peripheral : posterior part, probably cancery
  3. Transitional: surrounds urethra; benign; hyperplasia-> blocks urethra
  4. Fibromuscular stroma
24
Q

Openings in urethra

A

Prostatic sinuses

2x ejaculatory ducts

25
Q

Penis parts

A

Skin
Loose areolar tissue + superficial dorsal vein
Deep fascia
Deep dorsal vein + 2 dorsal arteries + 2 dorsal nerves
Corpus spongiosum + spongy urethra
Tunica albuginea
2x corpus cavernosa + 2x deep arteries (separates by septum penis)

26
Q

How’s an erection maintained

A

Deep fascia + tunica albuginea restrict venous drainage

27
Q

Insemination mechanism

A

Election : stimulation -> s2-4 -> vasodilation -> increased blood flow to corpus cavernosa + corpus spongiosum
Emission: sympathetic fibres L1-2 -> contraction of vas deferens + seminal vesicles -> expulsion of sperms
Ejaculation : rhythmic contraction of bulbospongious muscle (in Superficial pouch) and external urethral sphincter (controlled by pudendal nerve)

28
Q

Parts of uterus

A
Fundus 
Uterine horn 
Cavity 
Body 
Isthmus 
Cervix
Peri/myo/endo metrium
29
Q

Parts of Fallopian tube and ovary

A

Fimbrae
Uterotubular junction
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Ligament of ovary

30
Q

Are ovaries intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Ligaments and mesenteries associated with uterus

A

Intraperitoneal.
Broad ligament (mesosalpinx+ mesovarium are part of it; mesometrium connects uterus to pelvic floor)
Mesosalpinx (drapes over uterine tubes)
Mesovarium (ovaries-> mesosalpinx)

31
Q

6 openings of vestibule

A
  1. Urethra
  2. Vagina
  3. 2x skenes
  4. 2x bartholin
32
Q

Clitoris and associated parts

A
  1. Crura of clitoris
  2. Corpora cavernosa
  3. Vestibular bulbs
  4. Pars intermedia
  5. Glans of clitoris
33
Q

Mechanism of female erection

A

Stimulation -> s2-4 -> increased blood flow -> venous plexus of kobelt communicates venous circulation of vestibular bulbs to corpus cavernosa -> labia Minora becomes turgid