Skeleton

Question 1

How many sections of vertebrae do horse have?

Answer 1

5 sections: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and Caudal.

Question 2

How many vertebrae in each section?

Answer 2

Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 18
Lumbar: 6
Sacral: 5
Caudal: 15-21

Question 3

Some Arabians have one less vertebrae. Which sections is the vertebrae missing?

Answer 3

Lumbar.

Question 4

Out of the 5 sections of vertebrae, which section is fused together?

Answer 4

Sacral forming the sacrum.

Question 5

What makes up the withers?

Answer 5

The dorsal spinous processes of T5-T9.

Question 6

How many ribs do horses have?

Answer 6

36 (18 pairs)

Question 7

Bones have multiple functions. It defines the horses size and shape. State the 5 different functions bones have.

Answer 7

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Storage
5. Production of RBCs

Question 8

What do bones store?

Answer 8

Minerals: Calcium (Ca), Phosphorous (P), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) - makes up 70% bone.
Organic collagen - makes up 30% bone.

Question 9

How do bones make RBCs?

Answer 9

Through bone marrow.

Question 10

What classification of bone would a humerus, femur or tibia be?

Answer 10

Long Bone.

Question 11

What classification would a carpus or tarsus be?

Answer 11

Short bone.

Question 12

What classification would skull or rib bones be?

Answer 12

Flat bones

Question 13

What classification would vertebral bones be?

Answer 13

Irregular bones.

Question 14

What is cartilages purpose?

Answer 14

Reduce friction and act as a shock absorbers by reducing concussion.

Question 15

What is the protective membrane of bone?

Answer 15

Periosteum

Question 16

What are the bony land marks of the head?

Answer 16

Occipitus, Wing of atlas, Zygomatic Arch, Orbit, Facial crest, nasoincisive notch and mandibular Ramus.

Question 17

C5 is the bony landmark of the neck. List the bony landmarks of the shoulder and foreleg.

Answer 17

Shoulder: Scapular Cartilage, Spine of Scapular and Deltoid tuberosity.
Foreleg: Olecrannon, Accessory carpal bone and proximal sesamoid bone.

Question 18

The shelf of ribs and the last rib are the bony landmarks of the back. What are the bony landmarks of the rump and hind leg?

Answer 18

Rump: Tuber coxae, Sacral tuberosity, ischiatic tuberosity and greater trochanter of femur.
Hind leg: Patella, Tibial crest, calcaneal tuberosity and Sesamoid bone.

Question 19

Name the four cavities of the skull.

Answer 19

1. Cranial
2. Orbital
3. Oral
4. Nasal

Question 20

Name the bones of the thoracic limb.

Answer 20

Scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, carpus, cannon bone, splint bones, proximal sesamoid, long pastern, short pastern, distal phalanx, pedal bone.

Question 21

Name the 7 bones of carpus.

Answer 21

Superior (Medial-lateral)
Radial Carpal bone
Intermediate Carpal bone
Ulnar Carpal bone
Accessory bone (posterior)

Inferior
Third carpal bone
Fourth carpal bone
Second carpal bone (posterior)

Question 22

Name the 7 tarsal bones.

Answer 22

Superior (Anterior-posterior)
Talus
Calcaneus
Inferior (Medial-lateral)
Central tarsal bone
Fourth tarsal bone
Third tarsal bone
First tarsal bone
Second tarsal bone

Question 23

What is another name for the splint bones?

Answer 23

Second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones

Question 24

What is another name for the pastern bones?

Answer 24

Long pastern: proximal phalanx

Short pastern: middle phalanx

Question 25

What is another name for the pedal bone?

Answer 25

Distal sesamoid bone

Question 26

What 3 bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 26

Ilium, ischium and pubis