Skeleton Flashcards
How many sections of vertebrae do horse have?
5 sections: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and Caudal.
How many vertebrae in each section?
Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 18 Lumbar: 6 Sacral: 5 Caudal: 15-21
Some Arabians have one less vertebrae. Which sections is the vertebrae missing?
Lumbar.
Out of the 5 sections of vertebrae, which section is fused together?
Sacral forming the sacrum.
What makes up the withers?
The dorsal spinous processes of T5-T9.
How many ribs do horses have?
36 (18 pairs)
Bones have multiple functions. It defines the horses size and shape. State the 5 different functions bones have.
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Storage
- Production of RBCs
What do bones store?
Minerals: Calcium (Ca), Phosphorous (P), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) - makes up 70% bone.
Organic collagen - makes up 30% bone.
How do bones make RBCs?
Through bone marrow.
What classification of bone would a humerus, femur or tibia be?
Long Bone.
What classification would a carpus or tarsus be?
Short bone.
What classification would skull or rib bones be?
Flat bones
What classification would vertebral bones be?
Irregular bones.
What is cartilages purpose?
Reduce friction and act as a shock absorbers by reducing concussion.
What is the protective membrane of bone?
Periosteum
What are the bony land marks of the head?
Occipitus, Wing of atlas, Zygomatic Arch, Orbit, Facial crest, nasoincisive notch and mandibular Ramus.
C5 is the bony landmark of the neck. List the bony landmarks of the shoulder and foreleg.
Shoulder: Scapular Cartilage, Spine of Scapular and Deltoid tuberosity.
Foreleg: Olecrannon, Accessory carpal bone and proximal sesamoid bone.
The shelf of ribs and the last rib are the bony landmarks of the back. What are the bony landmarks of the rump and hind leg?
Rump: Tuber coxae, Sacral tuberosity, ischiatic tuberosity and greater trochanter of femur.
Hind leg: Patella, Tibial crest, calcaneal tuberosity and Sesamoid bone.
Name the four cavities of the skull.
- Cranial
- Orbital
- Oral
- Nasal
Name the bones of the thoracic limb.
Scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, carpus, cannon bone, splint bones, proximal sesamoid, long pastern, short pastern, distal phalanx, pedal bone.
Name the 7 bones of carpus.
Superior (Medial-lateral) Radial Carpal bone Intermediate Carpal bone Ulnar Carpal bone Accessory bone (posterior)
Inferior
Third carpal bone
Fourth carpal bone
Second carpal bone (posterior)
Name the 7 tarsal bones.
Superior (Anterior-posterior) Talus Calcaneus Inferior (Medial-lateral) Central tarsal bone Fourth tarsal bone Third tarsal bone First tarsal bone Second tarsal bone
What is another name for the splint bones?
Second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones
What is another name for the pastern bones?
Long pastern: proximal phalanx
Short pastern: middle phalanx
