Skeleton Flashcards
What is the primary focus of the skeletal overview?
Understanding the structure and function of the skeleton
The skeleton provides support, protection, and facilitates movement.
What are the major subdivisions of the skeleton?
- Axial
- Appendicular
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum, while the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles.
What are several protective cavities within the skeleton?
Cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, vertebral canal
These cavities protect vital organs such as the brain and spinal cord.
Identify the major cranial bones of the skull.
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
These bones form the protective case around the brain.
Identify the major facial bones of the skull.
- Maxilla
- Mandible
- Nasal
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Lacrimal
- Inferior nasal concha
- Vomer
These bones contribute to the structure of the face.
List the 5 vertebral regions.
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
Each region has distinct characteristics and functions.
What are the major features of vertebrae from the cervical region?
- Small size
- Transverse foramina
- Atlas and Axis
Cervical vertebrae support the head and allow for a range of motion.
What are the major features of vertebrae from the thoracic region?
- Larger size
- Articulations for ribs
- Spinous processes
Thoracic vertebrae provide support for the rib cage.
What are the major features of vertebrae from the lumbar region?
- Largest size
- Thick bodies
- Shorter spinous processes
Lumbar vertebrae bear the most weight and provide stability.
What are the major features of vertebrae from the sacral region?
- Fused vertebrae
- Sacral canal
- Auricular surfaces
The sacral vertebrae connect the spine to the pelvis.
What are the major features of vertebrae from the coccygeal region?
- Small size
- Fused vertebrae
- Coccyx
The coccygeal vertebrae form the tailbone.
Name the major bones in the pectoral limb.
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
The pectoral limb is adapted for a wide range of movements.
Name the major bones in the pelvic limb.
- Pelvis
- Femur
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
The pelvic limb supports body weight and is involved in locomotion.
How does the male pelvis differ from the female pelvis?
The male pelvis is generally narrower and heavier, while the female pelvis is wider and adapted for childbirth
The differences in pelvic structure are related to reproductive functions.
Compare the pectoral and pelvic limbs.
Pectoral limbs are designed for mobility and manipulation, while pelvic limbs are designed for support and locomotion
This functional difference reflects their roles in human anatomy.
Identify the major components of the axial skeleton.
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Ribs
- Sternum
The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body.
What are the functions of the 4 types of cells found in bone connective tissue?
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and bone lining cells have distinct functions.
Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation, osteocytes maintain bone tissue, osteoclasts are involved in bone resorption, and bone lining cells help regulate the passage of materials in and out of bone.
What are the components of the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
It consists of 80 bones in total.
Name the main bones of the skull.
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The skull is divided into the cranial and facial bones.
How many bones are in the cervical region of the vertebral column?
7 bones.
The cervical region is the uppermost part of the vertebral column.
How many bones are in the thoracic region of the vertebral column?
12 bones.
The thoracic region supports the rib cage.
How many bones are in the lumbar region of the vertebral column?
5 bones.
The lumbar region is located in the lower back.
How many bones are in the sacral region of the vertebral column?
5 fused bones.
The sacral region forms the back of the pelvis.
How many bones are in the coccygeal region of the vertebral column?
4 fused bones.
The coccyx is commonly known as the tailbone.
