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Medical Terminology > Skeletal System - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Skeletal System - Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acetabulum

A

the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.

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2
Q

Acromion

A

the projection of the scapula (the shoulder blade) that forms the point of the shoulder.

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3
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties.

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4
Q

Articulation

A

the location where two or more bones meet and join.

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5
Q

Bone

A

a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.

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6
Q

Bone Depression

A

a dent or superficial hole in a bone.

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7
Q

Bone Process

A

a generic term for a projection that sticks out of a bone with no other identifiable category.

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8
Q

Bursa

A

an important lubricated fluid-filled thin sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue that reduces friction between tissues of the body.

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9
Q

Calcium

A

an essential element that serves an important role in skeletal mineralization.

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10
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

a bone that is made up of spongy, porous, bone tissue that is filled with primarily red bone marrow.

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11
Q

Cartilage

A

a tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to the nose, ears, larynx, and other parts of the body.

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12
Q

Compact Bone

A

also known as cortical bone, this hard-outer layer is strong and dense.

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13
Q

Cranial Bones

A

the most cephalad aspect of the axial skeleton.

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14
Q

Diaphysis

A

the long tubular structure in all long bones.

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15
Q

Disk

A

a cushion of fibrocartilage and the principal joint between two vertebrae in the spinal column.

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16
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.

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17
Q

Epiphysis

A

the enlarged wide end of a long bone that articulates with other bones at joints.

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18
Q

Facial Bones

A

any of the bones of the facial region of the skull that do not take part in forming the braincase.

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19
Q

Fontanelle

A

gaps are composed of membranous connective tissue that form in babies.

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20
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

the largest foramen of the skull.

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21
Q

Haverisan Canals

A

a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone.

22
Q

Ligament

A

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.

23
Q

Malleolus

A

a bony projection with a shape likened to a hammer head, especially each of those on either side of the ankle.

24
Q

Manubrium

A

the uppermost segment of the sternum of humans and many other mammals that is a somewhat triangular flattened bone with anterolateral borders which articulate with the clavicles.

25
Q

Mastoid Process

A

a bony projection on the temporal bone—located behind your ears on each side of your skull.

26
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored

27
Q

Meniscus

A

a crescent-shaped, cartilaginous band between the medial tibial and medial femoral condyle.

28
Q

Metaphysis

A

the trumpet-shaped end of long bones.

29
Q

Olecranon

A

the large process of the ulna that projects behind the elbow, forms the bony prominence of the elbow, and receives the insertion of the triceps muscle.

30
Q

Ossification

A

the process of creating bone, that is of transforming cartilage (or fibrous tissue) into bone.

31
Q

Osteoblasts

A

cells that build bone.

32
Q

Osteoclast

A

cells that destroy bone.

33
Q

Periosteum

A

a fibrous sheath that covers bones.

34
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

35
Q

Ribs

A

the bony framework of the thoracic cavity.

36
Q

Sella Turcica

A

a midline depression in the sphenoid bone which contains the pituitary gland and distal portion of the pituitary stalk.

37
Q

Sinus

A

a channel that is not a blood or lymphatic vessel that allows for the passage of blood or lymph.

38
Q

Styloid Process

A

a slender osseous projection that points anteroinferiorly from the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone.

39
Q

Suture

A

fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull.

40
Q

Suture Joint

A

the fibrous joint that joins the bones of the skull to each other (except the mandible).

41
Q

Synovial Cavity

A

the joint cavity contains synovial fluid, secreted by the synovial membrane (synovium), which lines the articular capsule. this fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other.

42
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.

43
Q

Synovial Joint

A

a type of joint that allows for free movement in multiple planes.

44
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

a layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae (fluid-filled sacs between tendons and bones).

45
Q

Synovial Joint

A

a synovial joint that allows the complex movements necessary for life. ex: teeth grinding, jaw injuries, arthritis and everyday wear and tear.

46
Q

Tendon

A

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

47
Q

Vertebrae

A

back bones.

48
Q

Visceral Muscle

A

any of the muscles that work automatically and are found in the organs of the body such as the stomach and lungs.

49
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

a small, triangular part of the sternum that starts out as cartilage and hardens as a person ages.

50
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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