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Pilates > Skeletal System Vocab > Flashcards

Skeletal System Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

What classification of tissue is bone?

A

hard connective tissue

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2
Q

What chemical makes bones hard?

A

Calcium

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3
Q

2/3 of bone weight

A

calcium phosphate

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4
Q

1/3 of bone

A

collagen protein fibers

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5
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the bone

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6
Q

epiphysis

A

end of the bone

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7
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollowed area in the diaphysis

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8
Q

yellow boen marrow

A

fat in the medullary cavity

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9
Q

red bone marrow

A

blood cell-producing tissue in epiphyses

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10
Q

periosteum

A

connective tissue membrane that covers diaphysis

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11
Q

endosteum

A

connective tissue membrane that lines medullary cavity

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12
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of cartilage that covers the epiphyses

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13
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone. found on outer part of epiphyses and the bulk of the diaphysis. composed of many layers of calcified matrix with Haversian or central canals that serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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14
Q

spongy bone

A

porous bone, has many spaces, found inside the epiphyses and filled with red bone marrow

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15
Q

ossification

A

bone formation and growth

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16
Q

osteoblasts

A

immature bone cells that produce matrix and secrete it around themselves. they then become trapped and mature to be osteocytes

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17
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

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18
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down bone by hollowing out the medullary cavity wider and longer as the osteoblasts add layers of bone

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19
Q

how many bones are there in the skeleton

A

206

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20
Q

joints

A

articulations, junctions between skeletal elements

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21
Q

ligaments

A

connect bones

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22
Q

axial skeleton

A

forms long axis of body: skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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23
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

appendages and what they attach to : upper limbs, pectoral girdle, lower limbs, pelvic girdle

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24
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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25
Q

parietal

A

top and upper lateral head

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26
Q

temporal

A

“ear” area, lower lateral head

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27
Q

occipital

A

back of head

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28
Q

sphenoid

A

bat-wing shaped bone that lies behind the eye orbitals from one temporal bone to the other; forms a part of the base of the skull

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29
Q

ethmoid

A

between the eye orbitals, forms a part of the base of the skull

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30
Q

nasal bones

A

2 small bones that form the bridge of the nose

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31
Q

lacrimal bones

A

2 small bones (size of a fingernail) lie near the inside corner of eye orbital

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32
Q

maxilla (upper jaw)

A

front part of hard palate (roof of mouth)

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33
Q

mandible (lower jaw)

A

only moveable bone of the skull

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34
Q

zygomatic or zygoma

A

cheek bones

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35
Q

vomer

A

shaped like the blade on a plow and forms the lower part of the nasal septum (dividing wall in nose)

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36
Q

palatine bones

A

2 bones that make up the back part of the hard palate

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37
Q

kyphosis

A

hunchback, upper portion of the back

38
Q

lordosis

A

swayback, lumbar portion

39
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature (s shaped)

40
Q

true ribs

A

7 pairs, have cartilage that directly attaches to the sternum

41
Q

false ribs

A

5 pairs, have cartilage that attaches to cartilage above it (indirectly to the sternum) or no attachment to the sternum at all

42
Q

floating ribs

A

2 pairs of false ribs that have no attachment to the sternum

43
Q

shoulder girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

44
Q

pelvic girdle

A

2 hip bones (os coxae), sacrum and coccyx

45
Q

ilium

A

upper flared portion of hip bone

46
Q

ischium

A

lowest part of hip bone, what you sit on

47
Q

pubis

A

anterior portion of the hip

48
Q

symphysis pubis

A

two of the pubis bones join together with cartilage

49
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

where sacrum and ilium join

50
Q

clavicle

A

shoulder bone

51
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

52
Q

humerus

A

upper arm

53
Q

ulna

A

little finger side of the forearm

54
Q

radius

A

thumb side of the forearm

55
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

56
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

57
Q

phalanges

A

fingers or toes

58
Q

coxal (hip bone)

A

includes the illium, ischium, pubis

59
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

60
Q

patella

A

knee cap

61
Q

tibia

A

shin bone

62
Q

fibula

A

posterior bone in the lower leg

63
Q

calcaneous

A

heel bone

64
Q

tarsals

A

ankle bones

65
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

66
Q

trochanter

A

round projection

67
Q

tuberosity

A

square projection

68
Q

condyle

A

knuckle like projection

69
Q

fossa

A

dip or depression

70
Q

foramen

A

hole or opening

71
Q

sinus

A

hollowed area

72
Q

xiphoid process

A

cartilage on the tip of sternum

73
Q

mastoid process

A

bulge behind ear

74
Q

olecranon process

A

elbow

75
Q

acetabulum

A

socket in pelvis that articulates with head of the femur

76
Q

iliac crest

A

ridge of bone on top of ilium

77
Q

joint (articulations)

A

where 2 or more bones connect

78
Q

synarthoses (fibrous)

A

joint with no movement, such as skull and pelvis

79
Q

amphiarthroses (cartilaginous)

A

joint with slight movement, such as spine or ribs

80
Q

diarthroses (synovial)

A

joint with free movement, such as knee

81
Q

joint cavity

A

area between two bones

82
Q

joint capsule

A

fibrous connective tissue that attaches firmly to the shaft of the bones - holds the bones securely together, but allows movement

83
Q

synovial membrane

A

connective tissue membrane lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

84
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricates joint and allows easier movement

85
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of cartilage over the ends of the bone that absorbs shock and provides a smooth surface for the bones to move

86
Q

ligaments

A

bands of fibrous connective tissue that lash the bones together even more firmly

87
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between 2 bones (bending)

88
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between 2 bones (straightening)

89
Q

abduction

A

move away from the midline

90
Q

adduction

A

move toward the midline

91
Q

rotation

A

move around an axis

Pilates (3 decks)

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