Skeletal System Vocab

Question 1

What classification of tissue is bone?

Answer 1

hard connective tissue

Question 2

What chemical makes bones hard?

Answer 2

Calcium

Question 3

2/3 of bone weight

Answer 3

calcium phosphate

Question 4

1/3 of bone

Answer 4

collagen protein fibers

Question 5

diaphysis

Answer 5

shaft of the bone

Question 6

epiphysis

Answer 6

end of the bone

Question 7

medullary cavity

Answer 7

hollowed area in the diaphysis

Question 8

yellow boen marrow

Answer 8

fat in the medullary cavity

Question 9

red bone marrow

Answer 9

blood cell-producing tissue in epiphyses

Question 10

periosteum

Answer 10

connective tissue membrane that covers diaphysis

Question 11

endosteum

Answer 11

connective tissue membrane that lines medullary cavity

Question 12

articular cartilage

Answer 12

thin layer of cartilage that covers the epiphyses

Question 13

compact bone

Answer 13

hard, dense bone. found on outer part of epiphyses and the bulk of the diaphysis. composed of many layers of calcified matrix with Haversian or central canals that serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

Question 14

spongy bone

Answer 14

porous bone, has many spaces, found inside the epiphyses and filled with red bone marrow

Question 15

ossification

Answer 15

bone formation and growth

Question 16

osteoblasts

Answer 16

immature bone cells that produce matrix and secrete it around themselves. they then become trapped and mature to be osteocytes

Question 17

osteocytes

Answer 17

mature bone cells

Question 18

osteoclasts

Answer 18

break down bone by hollowing out the medullary cavity wider and longer as the osteoblasts add layers of bone

Question 19

how many bones are there in the skeleton

Answer 19

206

Question 20

joints

Answer 20

articulations, junctions between skeletal elements

Question 21

ligaments

Answer 21

connect bones

Question 22

axial skeleton

Answer 22

forms long axis of body: skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Question 23

appendicular skeleton

Answer 23

appendages and what they attach to : upper limbs, pectoral girdle, lower limbs, pelvic girdle

Question 24

frontal

Answer 24

forehead

Question 25

parietal

Answer 25

top and upper lateral head

Question 26

temporal

Answer 26

"ear" area, lower lateral head

Question 27

occipital

Answer 27

back of head

Question 28

sphenoid

Answer 28

bat-wing shaped bone that lies behind the eye orbitals from one temporal bone to the other; forms a part of the base of the skull

Question 29

ethmoid

Answer 29

between the eye orbitals, forms a part of the base of the skull

Question 30

nasal bones

Answer 30

2 small bones that form the bridge of the nose

Question 31

lacrimal bones

Answer 31

2 small bones (size of a fingernail) lie near the inside corner of eye orbital

Question 32

maxilla (upper jaw)

Answer 32

front part of hard palate (roof of mouth)

Question 33

mandible (lower jaw)

Answer 33

only moveable bone of the skull

Question 34

zygomatic or zygoma

Answer 34

cheek bones

Question 35

vomer

Answer 35

shaped like the blade on a plow and forms the lower part of the nasal septum (dividing wall in nose)

Question 36

palatine bones

Answer 36

2 bones that make up the back part of the hard palate

Question 37

kyphosis

Answer 37

hunchback, upper portion of the back

Question 38

lordosis

Answer 38

swayback, lumbar portion

Question 39

scoliosis

Answer 39

lateral curvature (s shaped)

Question 40

true ribs

Answer 40

7 pairs, have cartilage that directly attaches to the sternum

Question 41

false ribs

Answer 41

5 pairs, have cartilage that attaches to cartilage above it (indirectly to the sternum) or no attachment to the sternum at all

Question 42

floating ribs

Answer 42

2 pairs of false ribs that have no attachment to the sternum

Question 43

shoulder girdle

Answer 43

scapula and clavicle

Question 44

pelvic girdle

Answer 44

2 hip bones (os coxae), sacrum and coccyx

Question 45

ilium

Answer 45

upper flared portion of hip bone

Question 46

ischium

Answer 46

lowest part of hip bone, what you sit on

Question 47

pubis

Answer 47

anterior portion of the hip

Question 48

symphysis pubis

Answer 48

two of the pubis bones join together with cartilage

Question 49

sacroiliac joint

Answer 49

where sacrum and ilium join

Question 50

clavicle

Answer 50

shoulder bone

Question 51

scapula

Answer 51

shoulder blade

Question 52

humerus

Answer 52

upper arm

Question 53

ulna

Answer 53

little finger side of the forearm

Question 54

radius

Answer 54

thumb side of the forearm

Question 55

carpals

Answer 55

wrist bones

Question 56

metacarpals

Answer 56

hand bones

Question 57

phalanges

Answer 57

fingers or toes

Question 58

coxal (hip bone)

Answer 58

includes the illium, ischium, pubis

Question 59

femur

Answer 59

thigh bone

Question 60

patella

Answer 60

knee cap

Question 61

tibia

Answer 61

shin bone

Question 62

fibula

Answer 62

posterior bone in the lower leg

Question 63

calcaneous

Answer 63

heel bone

Question 64

tarsals

Answer 64

ankle bones

Question 65

metatarsals

Answer 65

foot bones

Question 66

trochanter

Answer 66

round projection

Question 67

tuberosity

Answer 67

square projection

Question 68

condyle

Answer 68

knuckle like projection

Question 69

fossa

Answer 69

dip or depression

Question 70

foramen

Answer 70

hole or opening

Question 71

sinus

Answer 71

hollowed area

Question 72

xiphoid process

Answer 72

cartilage on the tip of sternum

Question 73

mastoid process

Answer 73

bulge behind ear

Question 74

olecranon process

Answer 74

elbow

Question 75

acetabulum

Answer 75

socket in pelvis that articulates with head of the femur

Question 76

iliac crest

Answer 76

ridge of bone on top of ilium

Question 77

joint (articulations)

Answer 77

where 2 or more bones connect

Question 78

synarthoses (fibrous)

Answer 78

joint with no movement, such as skull and pelvis

Question 79

amphiarthroses (cartilaginous)

Answer 79

joint with slight movement, such as spine or ribs

Question 80

diarthroses (synovial)

Answer 80

joint with free movement, such as knee

Question 81

joint cavity

Answer 81

area between two bones

Question 82

joint capsule

Answer 82

fibrous connective tissue that attaches firmly to the shaft of the bones - holds the bones securely together, but allows movement

Question 83

synovial membrane

Answer 83

connective tissue membrane lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

Question 84

synovial fluid

Answer 84

lubricates joint and allows easier movement

Question 85

articular cartilage

Answer 85

thin layer of cartilage over the ends of the bone that absorbs shock and provides a smooth surface for the bones to move

Question 86

ligaments

Answer 86

bands of fibrous connective tissue that lash the bones together even more firmly

Question 87

flexion

Answer 87

decreasing the angle between 2 bones (bending)

Question 88

extension

Answer 88

increasing the angle between 2 bones (straightening)

Question 89

abduction

Answer 89

move away from the midline

Question 90

adduction

Answer 90

move toward the midline

Question 91

rotation

Answer 91

move around an axis