Muscular System Vocabulary

Question 1

skeletal muscle

Answer 1

striated, multiple nuclei, voluntary

Question 2

cardiac muscle

Answer 2

striated, one nucleus, involuntary

Question 3

smooth muscle

Answer 3

not striated, one nucleus, involuntary

Question 4

origin

Answer 4

where a muscle attaches, this remains stationary

Question 5

insertion

Answer 5

where a muscle attaches, moves toward the origin

Question 6

tendons

Answer 6

fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones

Question 7

bursae

Answer 7

small fluid-filled sacs that lie between some tendons and the bones beneath them and allow the tendon to slide over the bone when the muscle contracts

Question 8

tendon sheaths

Answer 8

tube shaped structures that enclose some tendons, lined with synovial membrane and moisten the tendon with synovial fluid

Question 9

action potential

Answer 9

causes by rapid depolarization and repolarization

Question 10

ACH released from axon terminal

Answer 10

calcium released in presynaptic terminal

Question 11

depolarization

Answer 11

contraction

Question 12

repolarization

Answer 12

relaxation or resting state

Question 13

actin and myosin filaments make up a

Answer 13

sarcomere

Question 14

myofibrils

Answer 14

many sarcomeres

Question 15

sarcomere

Answer 15

basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscles

Question 16

ATP

Answer 16

energy required for muscle contraction

Question 17

aerobic respiration

Answer 17

requires oxygen and breaks down glucose to produce ATP, CO2 and H20.

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

located within the muscle fiber sarcoplasm, where aeorbic respiration occurs

Question 19

anaerobic respiration

Answer 19

does not require oxygen, and results in the breakdown of glucose to yield ATP and lactic acid

Question 20

orbicularis oculi

Answer 20

close eye (wink, squint)

Question 21

orbicularis oris

Answer 21

close mouth (pucker)

Question 22

buccinator

Answer 22

puff up cheeks and blow or whistle

Question 23

masseter

Answer 23

closes jaw for chewing

Question 24

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 24

rotates and flexes head and neck

Question 25

trapezius

Answer 25

extends head and neck, adduct scapula

Question 26

latissimus dorsi

Answer 26

extends and adducts upper arm

Question 27

pectoralis major

Answer 27

flexes and adducts upper arm

Question 28

deltoid

Answer 28

abducts upper arm

Question 29

biceps brachii

Answer 29

flexes forearm

Question 30

triceps brachii

Answer 30

extends forearm

Question 31

diaphragm and intercostals

Answer 31

respiration

Question 32

external and internal oblique, transverse abdominis and rectus abdominis

Answer 32

compresses abdomen and flexes trunk

Question 33

gluteus maximus

Answer 33

extends thigh

Question 34

gluteus medius

Answer 34

abducts thigh

Question 35

adductors

Answer 35

adducts thigh

Question 36

sartoris

Answer 36

flexes thigh and rotate lower leg to cross legs

Question 37

quadriceps (rectus femoris and vastus lateralis)

Answer 37

extend lower leg (kick)

Question 38

biceps femoris (hamstring group)

Answer 38

flexes lower leg

Question 39

gastrocnemius

Answer 39

extend foot (plantar flex), tiptoe