Pilates Mat Module 1

Question 1

supine

Answer 1

lying on the back or with the face upward (dorsal side is down, ventral side is up)

Question 2

prone

Answer 2

body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and back up (dorsal side is up, ventral side is down)

Question 3

midline

Answer 3

bisecting of the body vertically down the center; movements of the body are often referred to in their relation to this

Question 4

anterior

Answer 4

front side of the body

Question 5

posterior

Answer 5

back side of the body

Question 6

flexion

Answer 6

bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts

Question 7

extension

Answer 7

a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

Question 8

abduction

Answer 8

motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body

Question 9

adduction

Answer 9

motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body

Question 10

lateral rotation

Answer 10

turning outward

Question 11

medial rotation

Answer 11

turning inward

Question 12

elevation

Answer 12

movement in an upward direction

Question 13

depression

Answer 13

movement in a downward direction

Question 14

protraction

Answer 14

anterior movement of the arms at the shoulders

Question 15

retraction

Answer 15

posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders

Question 16

plantar flexion

Answer 16

movement of the foot in which the foot or toes flex downward toward the sole

Question 17

dorsiflexion

Answer 17

flexion of the entire foot upward toward the shin

Question 18

eversion

Answer 18

movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plan

Question 19

inversion

Answer 19

the movement of the sole toward the median plane

Question 20

pronation

Answer 20

the rotation of the hand, forearm, or foot inward and downward

Question 21

supination

Answer 21

the rotation of the hand, forearm or foot upward and outward

Question 22

rotation

Answer 22

motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis

Question 23

eccentric

Answer 23

during this contraction, the muscle elongates while under tension, due to an opposing force being greater than the force generated by the muscle

Question 24

concentric

Answer 24

this kind of contraction is a type of muscle contraction in which the muscles shorten while generating force

Question 25

closed kinetic chain

Answer 25

the segment farthest from the midline (usually the hand or foot) is fixed or stationary

Question 26

open kinetic chain

Answer 26

the segment farthest from the midline (usually the hand or foot) is free and not fixed

Question 27

saggital

Answer 27

this plane makes the body move front and back, or anterior and posterior. flexion and extension happens in this place, which is perpendicular to the ground, dividing the body left to right. gravity influences movement in this plane

Question 28

frontal

Answer 28

this plane makes the body move laterally, or from side to side, thus dividing the body from the front to the back. this plane is perpendicular to the ground; however side to side movements occur in this plane. abduction, adduction and lateral flexion occur in this place. gravity influences this plane in lateral flexion

Question 29

transverse or horizontal

Answer 29

this plane divides the body horizontally, from top to bottom at the torso, and is parallel to the ground. twisting and rotation is performed within this plane. gravity does not influence rotation.

Question 30

flexion of the shoulder

Answer 30

anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis

Question 31

flexion of the elbow

Answer 31

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

Question 32

extension of the shoulder

Answer 32

posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major and minor

Question 33

extension of the eblow

Answer 33

triceps brachii

Question 34

abduction of the shoulder

Answer 34

deltoid, supraspinatus, trapezius and serratus anterior

Question 35

adduction of the shoulder

Answer 35

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, subscapularis, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus, long head of triceps, coracobrachialis

Question 36

lateral rotation of the arm

Answer 36

infraspinatus, teres minor posterior deltoid

Question 37

medial rotation of the arm

Answer 37

subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major, anterior deltoid

Question 38

flexion of the hip

Answer 38

rectus femoris, psoas, iliacus, iliocapsularis, sartorius

Question 39

extension of the hip

Answer 39

gluteus maximus, long head of biceps femoris, semimenbranosus, semitendinosus, gluteus medius

Question 40

abduction of the hip

Answer 40

tensor fascia latae, gluteus, minimus and medius, piriformis, sartorius

Question 41

adduction of the hip

Answer 41

adductor magnus, longus and brevis, pectineus, gracilis

Question 42

medial rotation of the hip

Answer 42

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

Question 43

lateral rotation of the hip

Answer 43

piriformis, obturator externus and internus, gemellus superior and inferior, quadratus femoris

Question 44

flexion of the knee

Answer 44

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, popliteus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis