Skeletal System Part 2

Question 1

• Makes up most of bone’s length
• Composed of compact bone

Answer 1

Diaphysis (shaft)

Question 2

• Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone

Answer 2

Epiphysis (ends)

Question 3

• Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
• Made of hyaline cartilage
• Decreases friction at joint surfaces

Answer 3

Articular cartilage

Question 4

• Outside covering of the diaphysis
• Fibrous connective tissue membrane

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

• Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
• Seen in adult bones

Answer 5

Epiphyseal line

Question 6

• Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
• Causes lengthwise growth of a long bone

Answer 6

Epiphyseal plate

Question 7

• Lines the inner surface of the shaft
• Made of connective tissue

Answer 7

Endosteum

Question 8

• Cavity inside the shaft
• Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
• Contains red marrow for blood cell formation in infants until age 6 or 7

Answer 8

Medullary cavity

Question 9

• Composed of small, needlelike pieces of bone called trabeculae and open spaces
• Open spaces are filled by marrow, blood vessels, and nerves

Answer 9

Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone

Question 10

Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone

• Composed of small, needlelike pieces of bone called ______ and open spaces

Answer 10

trabeculae

Question 11

Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone

_____ are filled by marrow, blood vessels, and nerves

Answer 11

Open spaces

Question 12

• Opening in the center of an osteon (Haversian system)
• Carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 12

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 13

• A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings
• Structural and functional unit of compact bone

Answer 13

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 14

Osteon (Haversian system)

• A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings
• _______________ of compact bone

Answer 14

Structural and functional unit

Question 15

• Tiny canals
• Form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply

Answer 15

Canaliculi

Question 16

• Canal perpendicular to the central canal
• Carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 16

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Question 17

As an infant, most of your skeleton is ________ .

Answer 17

Cartilage

Question 18

is a strong flexible tissue.

Answer 18

Cartilage

Question 19

Over time the cartilage is replaced by _____ , usually complete by the time you stop growing.

Answer 19

solid bone

Question 20

All cartilage is replaced in adults.

True or False?

Answer 20

False - (NOT All cartilage)

Question 21

______ is the process of bone formation

Answer 21

Ossification

Question 22

• Ossification is the process of bone formation
• Occurs on hyaline cartilage models or fibrous membranes
• Long bone growth involves two major phases

Answer 22

Bone formation and growth

Question 23

______________ are mitotically active stem cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum.

Answer 23

Osteogenic cell or osteoprogenitor cells

Question 24

bone-forming cells

Answer 24

Osteoblasts

Question 25

mature bone cells; monitor and maintain the bone matrix.

Answer 25

Osteocytes

Question 26

giant bone-destroying cells

Answer 26

Osteoclasts

Question 27

Bone remodeling is performed by both ________ and __________.

Answer 27

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 28

break in a bone

Answer 28

Fracture

Question 29

Types of bone fractures

Answer 29

• Closed (simple) fracture
• Open (compound) fracture

Question 30

_________ is a break that does not penetrate the skin

Answer 30

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 31

_____________ is a broken bone that penetrates through the skin

Answer 31

Open (compound) fracture

Question 32

Bone fractures are treated by _____ and ______

Answer 32

reduction and immobilization

Question 33

bones are manually coaxed into position by physician’s hands

Answer 33

Closed reduction

Question 34

bones are secured with pins or wires during surgery

Answer 34

Open reduction

Question 35

Healing time is ________

Answer 35

6–8 weeks