Skeletal System Part 2 Flashcards
• Makes up most of bone’s length
• Composed of compact bone
Diaphysis (shaft)
• Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone
Epiphysis (ends)
• Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
• Made of hyaline cartilage
• Decreases friction at joint surfaces
Articular cartilage
• Outside covering of the diaphysis
• Fibrous connective tissue membrane
Periosteum
• Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
• Seen in adult bones
Epiphyseal line
• Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
• Causes lengthwise growth of a long bone
Epiphyseal plate
• Lines the inner surface of the shaft
• Made of connective tissue
Endosteum
• Cavity inside the shaft
• Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
• Contains red marrow for blood cell formation in infants until age 6 or 7
Medullary cavity
• Composed of small, needlelike pieces of bone called trabeculae and open spaces
• Open spaces are filled by marrow, blood vessels, and nerves
Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone
Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone
• Composed of small, needlelike pieces of bone called ______ and open spaces
trabeculae
Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone
_____ are filled by marrow, blood vessels, and nerves
Open spaces
• Opening in the center of an osteon (Haversian system)
• Carries blood vessels and nerves
Central (Haversian) canal
• A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings
• Structural and functional unit of compact bone
Osteon (Haversian system)
Osteon (Haversian system)
• A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings
• _______________ of compact bone
Structural and functional unit
• Tiny canals
• Form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply
Canaliculi
• Canal perpendicular to the central canal
• Carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal
As an infant, most of your skeleton is ________ .
Cartilage
is a strong flexible tissue.
Cartilage
Over time the cartilage is replaced by _____ , usually complete by the time you stop growing.
solid bone
All cartilage is replaced in adults.
True or False?
False - (NOT All cartilage)
______ is the process of bone formation
Ossification
• Ossification is the process of bone formation
• Occurs on hyaline cartilage models or fibrous membranes
• Long bone growth involves two major phases
Bone formation and growth
______________ are mitotically active stem cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum.
Osteogenic cell or osteoprogenitor cells
bone-forming cells
Osteoblasts
mature bone cells; monitor and maintain the bone matrix.
Osteocytes
giant bone-destroying cells
Osteoclasts
Bone remodeling is performed by both ________ and __________.
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
break in a bone
Fracture
Types of bone fractures
• Closed (simple) fracture
• Open (compound) fracture
_________ is a break that does not penetrate the skin
Closed (simple) fracture
_____________ is a broken bone that penetrates through the skin
Open (compound) fracture
Bone fractures are treated by _____ and ______
reduction and immobilization
bones are manually coaxed into position by physician’s hands
Closed reduction
bones are secured with pins or wires during surgery
Open reduction
Healing time is ________
6–8 weeks
