Commonly used Physiological Instruments Flashcards
- Sharp bladed
instrument used to cut
a specimen
Scalpel or Knife
- cutting tools with two
blades joined in the center
such that the sharp edges of
the blades slip into each
other
Scissors
- Used in separating tissues,
exploring cavities, tracing
blood vessels and pointing
structures
Probes
- Used to grasp small
objects, to separate,
point and to pull on
structures
Forceps
- Useful in measuring
organs and in many
non-dissection lab
activities
Ruler
- instrument used to
examine objects that are
too small to be seen by
the naked eye.
Microscope
How are Anatomy and
Physiology related?
A & P inseparable
b e c a u s e f u n c t i o n
always reflects
s t r u c t u r e
Studies the structure of body
parts and their relationships.
Anatomy
Study of how the body and its
parts work or function
Physiology
Large structures
Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy
Can be seen with the naked eye
Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy
Approached of study: Regional
and Systemic Anatomy
Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy
studies all structures and their function inone region ex: abdomen, arm
Regional Anatomy
system by system
Systemic Anatomy
Study of external structures
as they relate to the
overlying skin surface.
Surface Anatomy
Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the
life span.
Developmental anatomy
concerns
developmental
changes that
occur before birth.
Embryology
Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
The Language of Anatomy
anatomical position
is placed face-up
supine position
anatomical position
is placed face-down
prone position
combines the
posterior and
superior
posterosuperior
view
toward the head end or upper part of a
structure or the body; above
Superior (cranial or cephalad)
away from the head end or toward the
lower part of a structure the body; below
Inferior (caudal)
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Ventral (Anterior)
toward or at the backside of the body;
behind
Dorsal (Posterior)
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner
side of
Medial:
away from the midline of the body; on the outer
side of the body
Lateral
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
toward or at the body surface
Superficial
away from the body surface; more
internal
Deep
an imaginary
line drawn through the body
which separates it into
sections
Body Plane
Parts of Body Planes
- Frontal
- Sagittal
- Transverse
runs vertically through
the body and separates it
into right and left parts
Sagittal Plane
runs parallel to the
surface of the ground,
dividing the body into
superior and inferior
parts.
Transverse Plane
runs vertically
from right to left
and divides the
body into
anterior and
posterior parts.
Frontal Plane
